Silver water - with your own hands. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Silver water - with your own hands. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electronics in medicine

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Water containing silver ions ("silver" or "living" water) has found application in medicine and in everyday life, and its beneficial properties are described in the literature. "Silver" water can be made at home. The features of the device offered to the attention of readers for obtaining such water are the ability to calculate the amount of silver dissolved in water and the uniform wear of the electrodes by calculation. The author made his device using relatively old components. They are easily replaced by modern ones. Moreover, it is possible to significantly simplify the design, using, for example, microcircuits. Dare!

To obtain "silver water", an electric current is passed through silver electrodes immersed in water. The amount of dissolved silver M in milligrams can be calculated by the formula: M=1,118*I*T*K, where I is the amount of current flowing through the electrodes, A; T - current passage time, s; K - coefficient equal to 0,9 for drinking water.

The device brought to the attention of readers provides a stable current through the electrodes of 16 mA, regardless of the characteristics of the water, the distance between the electrodes and the supply voltage. Its productivity is 1 mg/min. The direction of the current through the electrodes periodically changes for their uniform consumption. The device is powered by a built-in battery "Krona" with a voltage of 9 V, which provides 30 hours of its continuous operation. Connection of external power sources with voltage of 6...12 V is provided.

The electrical circuit of the device for obtaining "silver" water is shown in the figure. It consists of a clock pulse generator, a trigger that sets the switching frequency of the electrodes, a device for changing the polarity of switching on the electrodes and stabilizing the current flowing through them, and an LED indicator.

(click to enlarge)

The clock pulse generator is made on transistors VT1, VT2. The duration of the pulses is set by the chain R3C1, and the period of their repetition - by the chain R1C1. In our case, the duration of the pulses does not matter, but the frequency of switching the ionator electrodes depends on the period of their repetition (approximately 2 ... 4 min, which is also not particularly significant). Clock pulses from the collector of transistor VT2 are fed to a counting trigger on transistors VT5, VT6. This trigger differs from the classic one by the presence of four outputs designed for current control of the key stage, made in a bridge circuit on transistors VT3, VT4, VT7, VT8. The key stage reverses the polarity of the voltage on the electrodes and stabilizes the current through them.

Let's consider the operation of this switch in more detail. Let's assume that the trigger transistor VT5 is open, and VT6 is closed. The emitter current of the transistor VT5 flows through the diode VD1 and creates a voltage on it that can open

regulating transistor VT4. Due to the presence of the resistor R11 in the circuit of its emitter, the latter operates in the mode of stabilizing the current passing through the electrodes. The collector current of the transistor VT5 flows through the resistors R6, R12 and the base of the transistor VT7 of the key stage, so the latter is open and there is a voltage close to the supply voltage on its collector. Transistors VT3, VT8 of the switch in this case will be closed due to the closed state of the trigger transistor VT6 and the presence of blocking voltages from resistors R10, R11 on their emitters. Thus, in the considered embodiment, the current will pass through the circuit R10-VT7-electrodes of the device - VT4 - R11 and the voltage on contacts 1, 2 of the KhRS connector will have a negative polarity. The next clock pulse will switch the trigger to a different state, and the transistor VT6 will already be open, and VT5 will be closed. Now the current will flow through the circuit R10-VT3-electrodes of the device - VT8 - R11 and the negative polarity of the voltage will be on pins 3, 4 of the XP3 connector. Regulating transistors VT4, VT8 compensate for changes in the supply voltage and voltage at the electrodes. In addition, they limit the through currents of the bridge transistors at the moments of switching and the output currents in case of accidental shorting of the electrodes with each other.

With a discharged battery or with an increased voltage drop across the electrodes, the regulating transistors may be in a state of saturation, as a result of which the current stabilization will be disturbed. This situation is controlled by a cascade on the transistor VT9 and diodes VD6-VD8. During normal operation, the voltage on the electrodes is increased and the diodes VD7, VD8, as well as the transistor VT9 are closed. When any of the control transistors is saturated, the residual voltage on its collector, in total with the voltage drop across the corresponding diode (VD7 or VD8), becomes lower than the voltage drop across the VD6 diode and transistor VT9 opens.

On transistors VT10, VT11 and LED HL1, an indicator of the operation of the device is assembled. It is a generator of pulses (flashes of light) of high duty cycle, controlled by a transistor VT9. A closed transistor does not affect the operation of the generator, and an open transistor puts it into the constant glow of the LED. So that the brightness of the glow does not change when the battery is discharged, the VT10 transistor operates in the mode of stabilizing the current passing through the LED. Through the resistor R23, the discharge current of the capacitor C4 flows at low voltages on the LED.

The device for obtaining "silver" water is assembled on a printed circuit board made of fiberglass with dimensions of 102x55 mm. During installation, resistors ULM-0,12, VS-0,125, MLT-0,125 or MLT-0,25, etc. can be used. Capacitors C2, C3 - any ceramic (for example, K10-23); C1, C4 - any oxide with a low leakage current (for example, K53-4). If non-polar capacitors are available, it is better to use them. Germanium transistors of the npn structure can be taken from any of the MP35-MP38, P8-P11 series, and pnp structures from the MP39-MP42, P13-P16, MP25, MP26, P25, P26 series with a current transfer coefficient of 30 ... 90. Silicon transistors - structures npn (MP101-MP103, MP111-MP113, P101-P103) and pnp (MP104-MP106, MP114-MP116, P104-P106) with a current transfer ratio of 15 ... 45.

Instead of KD401B diodes, almost any low-power silicon will do. LED AL102B can be replaced by AL307 of the desired glow color. Switch SA1 - miniature P1TZ. The XP1 socket was taken from a used Krona battery, the XP2 connector (ONP-VS-18) was taken from a calculator, and the XP3 connector was cut out of a GRPPZ-36ShP connector (two pairs of contacts were taken). Due to the small length of the leads, the HL1 LED is soldered to the leads of the resistor R23.

The body of the device can be soldered from plates of foil fiberglass with a thickness of 0,8 ... 1,5 mm. Blanks dimensions: 22x55 mm - 2 pieces; 22x132 mm - 2 pcs.; 55x130 mm - 1 pc.; 57x132 mm - 1 pc. For soldering, foil strips of 1,5 ... 3 mm are left along the perimeter of the workpieces. To mount the printed circuit board on the side walls of the case, you need to solder or glue bosses with an M2 thread. In the case, cut out holes for the HL1 LED, the SA1 switch and the XP2, XP3 connectors in place.

The electrode holder is recommended to be made in the form of a spatula with a handle and a beak - a hook made of organic glass 4 ... 6 mm thick. Plates of electrodes should be glued onto the blade on both sides with medical glue BF-6 (the surface area of one electrode is about 1 cm2), and the connecting conductors should be brought out through the handle. Places of rations should not be wetted with water. The most suitable for electrodes is technically pure silver contained in some industrial components, as well as household silver of the highest standard. During operation, the spatula is immersed in a jar of water and held by the beak on the side of the jar.

When setting up the device, the desired switching frequency of the electrodes is set by selecting the resistor R1, and the LED flashes by selecting the resistor R22. In conclusion, by connecting a milliammeter instead of the electrodes, by selecting the resistor R11, the current through the electrodes is set to 16 mA.

To prepare "silver water" you need to place the electrodes in water and turn on the power. The normal process is accompanied by the blinking of the LED; in the absence of water, a discharged battery or an excessively large distance between the electrodes, the LED lights up constantly. The duration of the device is determined by its performance (1 mg / min), the volume of water and the required concentration. For example, at a concentration of 20 mg/l and one liter of water, the device should operate for 20 minutes. After this time, the power should be turned off, the electrodes removed and rinsed with clean water. Mix the prepared water and put it in a dark place for 4 hours, after which it becomes usable.

Silver water should be stored in a dark place, as silver turns black and precipitates in the light. During operation, the electrodes also blacken due to oxidation, but this does not affect the process of water silvering. Water subjected to industrial purification (chlorinated, etc.) must be pre-filtered (through the "Rodnik" filter, etc.) or settled for several hours to remove chlorine. "Silver" water is not subject to boiling, which converts silver into a physiologically inactive form.

The scope of "silver" water is extremely wide. You can learn about this, in particular, by reading the monograph of L. A. Kulsky "Silver Water" (Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1968).

Author: V. Zhgulev, Serpukhov, Moscow Region; Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru

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