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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Lemon balm (melissa officinalis). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Melissa lemon (Melissa officinalis), Melissa officinalis. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Melissa Family: Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae) Origin: Lemon melissa comes from southern Europe, as well as from Western Asia and North Africa. Area: Melissa lemon is grown in many regions of the world as a medicinal and spice plant. Chemical composition: Lemon balm contains essential oils (including citral, citronellal, limonene, geraniol, nerol), flavonoids, carotenoids, tannins and other biologically active substances. Economic value: Lemon melissa is used medicinally to treat nervous disorders, insomnia, as well as to ease digestion and lower blood pressure. The plant is also used in cooking to add flavor to various dishes and drinks, as well as in the cosmetic industry for the production of cosmetics. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, lemon balm was associated with the goddess of bees, Demeter, and the Amazon who used lemon balm to heal wounds. Melissa was believed to help counter anger and calm the mind. Its name comes from the Greek word "melisso", which means "bee". In folk medicine, lemon balm is used to treat various diseases, as it contains many useful substances, including essential oils, flavonoids and terpenes. It has a soothing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Lemon balm is also used in cooking, to flavor drinks and make herbal teas. Symbolically, lemon balm is associated with purity, spiritual well-being, tranquility and protection. It is used in magical rituals to bring good luck, success and spiritual protection. In the symbolism of floristry, lemon balm can symbolize friendship, joy and generosity. Melissa lemon also has a legend associated with the knight Byron. According to legend, he was in love with a girl named Melissa, who died while swimming in the river. After her death, he discovered that a plant similar to lemon balm grows on the shore, and named it in her honor.
Melissa lemon (Melissa officinalis), Melissa officinalis. Description, illustrations of the plant Melissa, Melissa officinalis L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Perennial herbaceous plant 50-85 cm high. Stem erect, branched, strongly leafy. The leaves are oval, serrated, pubescent above, opposite, petiolate. The flowers are small, white, yellowish, pink or light purple, collected in false whorls. The fruit is a one-seeded dark brown nut. Blooms in June-August. The homeland of lemon balm is considered to be the Mediterranean, where it is still found in the wild. It has been known in culture for a very long time. Cultivated in ancient Greece, first as a honey plant. And it got its name from the Greek word "melissa", which means "honey bee". In the Middle Ages, the plant was brought to Spain as a spice. At first, lemon balm was grown in the monastery gardens, then they began to cultivate it in the fields. It has now spread to all countries of the world. Melissa is warm and light-loving. Prefers sunny, sheltered areas. It grows well on fertile, clay or loamy, moderately moist soils. Responsive to fertilizers. Propagated by seeds, division of the bush, layering and cuttings. In mid-latitudes, you can grow lemon balm from seeds, but they germinate very slowly, so they are sown in greenhouses for seedlings. Seedlings are planted at the age of 20-25 days in the ground, mainly in April and watered. To propagate lemon balm by dividing the bush, planting material is harvested from three to five year old plants. Bushes are dug up in early spring, divided into parts, plants with a strong root system are selected and planted in a permanent place. Plants need care: abundant watering, loosening the soil, removing weeds. From the moment the shoots grow until the buds appear (in June-July), the leaves are used fresh. Cut greens are dried for future use. In one place, lemon balm gives a good harvest for about six years, after which the bushes are divided and transplanted to a new place. In autumn, plants are recommended to spud, and in spring to open. The leaves and tops of the shoots of lemon balm have a lemon smell, so they are called lemon mint or lemongrass. The aerial part of lemon balm is rich in vitamin C, carotene. In addition, it contains tannins, bitterness, resins, mucus, organic acids (oleanolic, ursolic, coffee). The seeds contain a lot of fatty oil. The smell characteristic of lemon balm and the healing effect of the plant depend on the content of essential oil in the green mass, which consists of valuable substances: citral, geraniol, linalool and other components. An ancient Arabic proverb has survived to this day that an infusion of lemon balm shoots "fills the heart with joy and fun." The healing properties of the plant were known in the countries of the East and used in folk medicine for palpitations, heart pain, shortness of breath, bronchial asthma, hypertension, melancholy and insomnia, toothache, ulcers and bruises, and rheumatism. And now lemon balm is popular in many countries as a medicinal plant. In scientific medicine, lemon balm is known as a means of stimulating appetite and improving digestion. Infusion and decoction of the herb is used as an anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic. They have a therapeutic effect in heart neurosis, chronic bronchitis, flatulence and intestinal spasms, have a mild laxative and diaphoretic effect. Melissa is recommended for pregnant women as an antiemetic and as a mild diuretic. Melissa essential oil has a calming and antispasmodic effect. It is part of the liniment sanitas. In addition, medicines are flavored with them. Melissa is also used for food purposes. Fresh finely chopped leaves are added to salads, soups, meat and fish dishes, compotes and fruit drinks. Leaves cut before flowering and young shoots not only add aroma and taste to food, but also fortify it. Melissa is also used to flavor pickles and marinades. In industrial production, it is used to flavor tea, liqueurs, wines. Melissa is a good honey plant. Honey collected from flowering lemon balm has a pleasant aroma and taste. But not only this is the special interest of beekeepers in lemon balm. Experienced beekeepers before working in the apiary rub their hands with lemon balm grass to protect against bee stings. During the swarming of bees, even a small branch suspended near the hive will attract a bee swarm, and he will definitely sit on it. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Melissa lemon (Melissa officinalis), Melissa officinalis. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Perennial herbaceous plant of the mint family. The rhizome is strong, branched with underground shoots located at a depth of 10-15 cm. The stem reaches a height of 50-80 cm, tetrahedral, erect, branched, slightly pubescent and abundantly leafy. Lateral lower shoots are creeping. The leaves are opposite, oblong-oval, rarely toothed. The leaf is dark green, slightly pubescent above and light green, shiny below, studded with glands. The flowers are small, white, pink or yellowish, collected in 3-10 pieces in false whorls located in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruits are dark brown, ovoid-smooth nuts. Melissa officinalis comes from the eastern Mediterranean. It was grown by the ancient Romans two thousand years ago. Together with them came to the rest of Europe. Currently, the plant is distributed in the Balkans, Iran, North America, the Crimea, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. Cultivated in Ukraine as a spicy and honey plant. It grows in forests, shrubs, sometimes in weedy places. Often runs wild. In the first year of vegetation, lemon balm does not bloom. In the spring, many offspring appear from dormant buds of the rhizome and underground stems. Their regrowth begins in late March - early April, budding 90-100 days after regrowth, that is, in June-July, mass flowering - in August, seeds ripen in mid-September - October. Lemon balm is weakly winter-hardy, demanding on light, heat, and moisture. Shading dramatically reduces the accumulation of essential oil. The optimum temperature for its growth and development is 20-25 °C. Very sensitive to moisture, especially during budding. The lack of moisture leads to the drying out of the plant, and its excess - to its diseases. Melissa grows well in light, moist nutrient soils. During the flowering period, the leaves and tops of the shoots accumulate essential oil, ascorbic acid and tannins. The seeds contain up to 20% fatty oil. Essential oil is a mobile liquid with a delicate smell of lemon, including citral (60%), myrcene, geraniol. Leaves and young shoots of lemon balm have a pleasant lemon smell and a bitter taste and have been used as a fresh or dry spice since ancient times. It is put both in combination with other herbs, and without impurities in omelettes, salads, fish dishes, and is used for pickling vegetables. In Belgium and the Netherlands, lemon balm softens the taste of salted fish - herring and eel. Add it to tea, flavor soups and sauces with it, put it in milk. However, the delicate aroma of lemon balm easily disappears, so it is put in the finished dish.
Lemon balm is an excellent medicinal plant. Tea prepared from it relieves fatigue, improves digestion (it is especially effective for bloating). Melissa preparations in patients with heart disease contribute to the disappearance of shortness of breath, relieve attacks of tachycardia, pain in the heart, lower blood pressure, are also recommended for nervous weakness, migraine, insomnia, increased sexual excitability, painful menstruation, skin rash. Outwardly, lemon balm infusions are used for poultices and compresses, for furunculosis, for rinsing the mouth with inflammation of the gums. Prepare infusions from it in the form of tea: 20-25 g of grass per 1 liter of boiling water and drink 200 ml 3-4 times a day. Cultivation. Melissa grows well and develops on nutritious, light, moderately moist soils. Does not tolerate acidic and structureless soils. Very responsive to organic and mineral fertilizers. The predecessor of lemon balm can be vegetable plants, potatoes, legumes. In autumn, having removed them, the site is cultivated to a depth of 4-6 cm. Then, after the emergence of weed shoots, it is dug up to a depth of 25-30 cm. 2-3 kg of manure is applied per 1 m2. In the spring, the plot is harrowed and before sowing the seeds, 15 g of ammonium nitrate, 30 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potassium salt per 1 m2 are added. For the second and subsequent years of the growing season, lemon balm is fed 2 times a year with mineral fertilizer, 15 g of each species per 1 m2. The first dressing is applied in the spring, at the beginning of the growing season, the second - after cutting the green mass. During the growing season, water if necessary. The most common way to propagate lemon balm is seedlings. It is also propagated by dividing the bush, root layers and cuttings. Seeds are sown in a previously prepared greenhouse or hotbed to a depth of 0,5-1 cm. Seedlings appear in 2-3 weeks. When the first pair of true leaves appears, the plants are thinned out, leaving a distance of 5 cm between them. Seedlings are fed twice with mineral fertilizers (50 g of superphosphate, 20 g of ammonium nitrate and 15 g of potassium salt per 10 water), 45-50-day lemon bush division can be done in summer and autumn, in August, after cutting green mass. During planting, the bushes must be watered abundantly. Subsequently, moderate soil moisture helps them take root well before frost. Rhizomes are planted in late August-first half of September in furrows to a depth of 8-10 cm. Plant care during the growing season is reduced to keeping the soil in a loose and weed-free state, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and watering. The plot laid down by divided bushes is harvested in the first year, and in other ways - in the second year of life. The grass is cut as it enters the bud and until the end of flowering, when the highest content of essential oil accumulates in the plant. Lay it out in a racing layer on nets or other devices and dry in the shade or in a well-ventilated area. Dried lemon balm is stored in paper or canvas bags in a cool ventilated place. Authors: Yurchenko L.A., Vasilkevich S.I.
Melissa officinalis, Melissa officinalis L. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
Lamiaceae family - Lamiaceae. Perennial plant 30-120 cm high. The stems are pubescent with short hairs with an admixture of glands or almost naked. The leaves are petiolate, ovate to rounded-rhombic, the edges of the leaf blade are notched-serrate, pubescent below with short hairs. The flowers are collected in false rings of 6-12; calyx with lower subulate teeth, long-haired and glandular; corolla bluish-white or lavender. The fruit is an oblong-ovoid, chestnut-brown nutlet. Blooms in June - August. The fruits ripen in August - September. Found in south-central Europe, Mediterranean Basin, Iran and Central Asia, naturalized elsewhere. The leaves contain 0,05-0,35% essential oil, up to 0,150 ascorbic acid, 0,007-0,01% carotene, mucus, bitterness, resins, about 5% tannins, organic acids (caffeic, oleanolic, ursolic). The essential oil emits a strong lemon scent and contains citral, citronellal, geraniol, linalool, myrcene. The seeds contain up to 20% fatty oil. Raw materials intended for the production of essential oil are processed fresh together with the stems. Leaves and young shoots of lemon balm, cut before flowering, are used as a spice with a spicy, refreshing lemon flavor in European and American cooking. Fresh or dried, the leaves are added as a spicy seasoning to salads, grated cheese, soups, game, fish dishes, mushrooms, as well as to flavor tea, vinegar, liqueurs and drinks, pickling cucumbers and tomatoes. In Denmark, lemon balm is used to preserve meat. To preserve the aromatic bouquet, it is not recommended to boil it. In the pharmaceutical industry, herbal preparations are prepared from lemon balm in the form of medicinal teas, aromatic waters, decoctions, medicines, and to obtain essential oil, which is highly valued in perfumery, chemical-pharmaceutical, alcoholic beverage and food industries. Occasionally it is used in beekeeping. The therapeutic effect of lemon balm is associated with the essential oil contained in it, which has a sedative and bactericidal effect. The leaves are used in medicine in many countries as an anticonvulsant, cardiac, sedative, analgesic and anti-influenza agent.
The essential oil from the leaves (the so-called lemon balm oil) is part of the balm and liniment "Sanitas", which have a calming effect. The plant is recommended as an antiemetic for pregnant women, a diuretic and an appetite enhancer. Oil and leaves, as well as young shoots, are used equally. Melissa is widely used as an antispasmodic that regulates the functioning of the digestive tract, especially with flatulence, as an analgesic. Recommended for migraine, insomnia, painful menstruation, skin rashes. Outwardly - in the form of poultices and compresses for the treatment of boils and rinsing with inflammation of the gums. In folk medicine, the leaves and tops of shoots with flowers were used orally for tachycardia, hypertension, bronchial asthma, neuralgia, migraine, insomnia, anemia, melancholy, with overexcitation of sexual function, algomenorrhea and painful menstruation, as a laxative and diaphoretic, for chojecystitis, atherosclerosis, gallstone disease, to enhance lactation. In the old days, in Lithuanian villages, an infusion of lemon balm with marjoram was used to improve memory. Leaves and tops of shoots were applied externally for toothache, rheumatism, bruises and ulcers. Valuable honey plant, during flowering gives a lot of nectar. Honey has a pleasant aroma and taste, belongs to the best varieties. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Melissa, Melissa officinalis L. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation
Synonyms: lemon balm, lemon mint. Names: az. badrange; arm. Patringe; cargo, barambo; German Melisse, Zitronenmelisse, Zitronenkraut; Goal. citroen-melisse; dates hjertensfryd; Swede, citronmeliss; English mcliss balm, common balm; fr. Melisse officinale, m. citronnelle; it. Melissa, cedronella; Spanish toronjil, citronella; port, herba cidreira; Czech melissa, medunka citroneva; hung. mehfu; Slovenian medenka, rojevonica; Serb, medoper, pceloperka; Polish melissa lekarska. Perennial plant with a straight branched and pubescent stem, 100-120 cm high, creeping lower shoots. Leaves ovate, petiolate, up to 6 cm long and 3 cm wide, upper with a wedge-shaped base, crenate-toothed, somewhat pubescent. Flowers (3-5-10) in one-sided spreading false whorls, in the axils of the upper leaves. Corolla whitish or pink, 13-15 mm long. The upper lip is almost flat; four stamens, the lower ones are longer. The fruits are nuts, ovoid, narrowed towards the base, brownish, smooth, 1,5-2 mm long. The weight of 1000 seeds is 0,5-0,65 g. Seeds remain viable for 2-3 years. In Europe and Western Asia, it grows wild and feral. It has a pungent smell of lemon and a peculiar bitter-spicy taste. The shoots with leaves are cut before flowering, and fresh or dried, they serve as a spicy seasoning for various dishes, and are also used to make tinctures of vinegar, liqueurs and wines, to obtain essential oil. Horticulture guidelines recommend choosing light, fertile soils and well-lit areas for this plant. Melissa, like many other vegetable perennials, winters in the open field, but for better overwintering it should be covered with humus or manure. Melissa can be propagated both by seeds and by dividing the bush. Sowing is done in early spring in open ground or nurseries. For a more uniform sieving, the seeds should be mixed with sand (about 1 g of seeds are sown per 3 sq. M of the nursery). They germinate very slowly (usually only 4 weeks after sowing). Seedlings or parts of plants are planted in open ground at distances of 30-40x30-40 cm. In one place, lemon balm is grown for no more than 5 years. Shoots with leaves are cut 2-3 times a season. After each cut, it is recommended to do top dressing. Leaves and stems are dried in the shade, hanging in bunches. From 100 sq. m get 25-40 kg of dry leaves. Author: Ipatiev A.N.
Melissa officinalis, Melissa officinalis L. Description, habitats, nutritional value, use in cooking
Melissa is a perennial herbaceous plant from the labiate family with a straight, tetrahedral, branched, pubescent stem 50-120 cm high. Leaves are petiolate, ovate, serrated along the edges, pubescent. Flowers on short stalks, sitting in the axils of the upper leaves, collected in 3-5-10 pcs. The corolla is whitish or pinkish with a red spot. It grows in weedy places, along forest edges, among thickets of bushes. For a long time, lemon balm has been cultivated as a good food for bees. Beekeepers plant this herb in new apiaries to attract wild bees. Melissa means "honey bee" in Greek. This plant really belongs to the melliferous, and honey has a high taste. Melissa leaves contain up to 150 mg of vitamin C, up to 7 mg% of carotene, essential oil with a lemon smell, bitterness, tannins. Melissa also contains a lot of copper (up to 1 mg%). Fresh (before flowering, when they emit a pleasant lemon smell), rich in vitamin C, lemon balm leaves are used for food, from which salads are prepared. Dried leaves are used as a seasoning for soups, fish dishes, mushrooms, salads, compotes, tea, as well as in the manufacture of tinctures, liqueurs and liquors. In Denmark, lemon balm is used to preserve meat. Transplanted into the garden and vegetable garden, lemon balm takes root well and grows for many years. Those who grow lemon balm are convinced that it makes our food tastier and healthier. Even an ordinary soup seasoned with lemon balm is perceived as a completely new dish. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Melissa officinalis. Application in cooking
Melissa officinalis is a perennial herbaceous plant with a straight tetrahedral pubescent stem. When rubbed, the leaves emit a strong lemon smell, as they contain 150 mg of citric acid per 100 g of wet weight. During flowering, the smell becomes somewhat heavy, so it is better to harvest the grass before flowering. Only the leaves are used as a spice. They are harvested fresh and dried for future use. Fresh young leaves are considered an excellent addition to spring salads, green borscht, compotes, okroshka, vinaigrettes. Leaves are put in soup or borscht for 2-3 minutes. before use. Dry leaves are used in the same way as fresh ones. They can be added to compotes, homemade kvass, mash, tea, beer, various tinctures. To make the vinegar more fragrant, it is insisted on lemon balm leaves. Dry leaves are used for salting cucumbers and tomatoes. In the Caucasus, dry leaves are ground into powder, which is sprinkled on meat and fish dishes, fried poultry. Essential oil from lemon balm leaves is used in medicine, perfumery and confectionery industries, for flavoring liquors, tinctures, fruit and berry wines. Author: Reva M.L.
Melissa lemon (Melissa officinalis), Melissa officinalis. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Melissa lemon (Melissa officinalis), Melissa officinalis. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a perennial herb with a pleasant citrus aroma and flavor that is often used in folk medicine and cooking. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing lemon balm: Cultivation:
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Lemon balm has many health benefits, including soothing, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is also used in cooking to create aromatic dishes and drinks.
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