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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Actions in case of fire. Occupational Safety and Health
Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection The outcome of any fire largely depends on how timely it was caused fire assistance and measures taken to evacuation of people from the readiness of all service personnel to fire extinguishing actions. Therefore, every teacher, educator should know well and clearly fulfill their duties in the event of a fire. In practice, there are not isolated cases when a fire in the initial stage is not noticed by anyone, the fire spreads over a large area, and then it is very difficult to deal with it. It happens that signs of burning or even a small fire, i.e., a fire in the initial stage of its occurrence, are detected, but they do not call for fire assistance, but try to cope with the fire on their own with the help of primary fire extinguishing equipment. This is not always possible, and the fire can take on large dimensions. Often, fire assistance is called with a significant delay, spending valuable time to find out the cause of smoke or the location of the fire. In all cases, regardless of the size of the fire or ignition, and even if at least signs of burning (smoke, smell of burning rubber insulation of wires) are detected, you must immediately call the fire department. To do this, you should give an alarm to the voluntary fire brigade (in its absence, call the neighboring brigade) and be sure to inform the the nearest fire station. When calling for fire assistance by phone, you must clearly state the address of the institution, if possible - the place of the fire, what is burning and what the fire threatens (mainly what threat is created for people), and also give your last name. It is necessary to call the fire brigade even if the fire is extinguished on its own, since the fire may go unnoticed in hidden places (in the voids of wooden partitions, under the floor, etc.) and after a while it may flare up again in even larger sizes. Therefore, the place of the fire must be inspected by fire brigade specialists, who confirm that the fire has indeed been completely extinguished. After calling the fire brigade, meeting of the fire department. A special person from the staff of the institution is allocated to meet the firefighters. The greeter must clearly inform the firefighters about the current situation (whether all students and adults were evacuated from the burning building, if not, then about the degree of threat to students and adults, how many of them are left in the building, where they are, on which floor and in which rooms, how in these rooms are faster to penetrate). By the time the fire brigade arrives, it is advisable to find a copy of the evacuation plan or floor plan of the building and hand it over to the head of the fire department. In addition, it should be said which premises are engulfed in fire and where the fire is spreading, as well as the locations of the most valuable property that must be evacuated in the first place. Simultaneously with the call for fire assistance, it is necessary to immediately begin preparations, and in the event of a direct threat, to immediate evacuation of people from the premises. In the event of a fire in a wooden building where students are located, evacuation must be carried out immediately from the entire building, regardless of the location and size of the fire, in accordance with a previously developed plan and the characteristics of the development of a fire. This must be done quickly and calmly, taking all measures to panic prevention. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the order of the withdrawal of students is planned depending on the place of the fire and the location of the exit. First of all, evacuation is carried out from premises where it is life-threatening in the conditions of a fire, as well as from the upper floors, with younger children being the first to be evacuated. During evacuation, children should not be allowed to crowd at the exits, as well as the occurrence of panic. During the evacuation, you need to call for calm. All evacuees are to be kept under close supervision. For evacuation, it is necessary to use all exits, including not to forget about the spare ones, which are rarely used during normal times. First of all, stairwells must be used for evacuation from the upper floors. If the staircase is smoky, it is necessary to quickly open or knock out the glass in the windows located on the staircase, and give fresh air an influx; the doors of the rooms from where the smoke penetrates the stairs should be tightly closed. If internal stairs are engulfed in flames or are already engulfed in flames or very smoky, students must be rescued through side windows and balconies using stationary and leaning ladders. At the same time, all balcony doors and windows not used for evacuation should be tightly closed so that air does not enter the room, intensifying the fire and directing smoke into this room. It is recommended to close the doors leading to the neighboring rooms and the corridor from the room where the students are located, to avoid the penetration of smoke, and to plug the gaps in the porch and from the bottom of the door with improvised material (curtains, etc.), after wetting them in water. From a smoky room, you need to move crouching or crawling and keep your head closer to the floor, as the smoke rises, and there is less smoke below and it is easier to breathe. Entering a heavily smoky room, you must stick to the walls and memorize objects along the way. Orientation in a smoky room is helped by the direction of the flooring of boards and parquet floors, the location of windows, doors, etc. Upon completion of the evacuation, ensure that all students are removed from the burning and endangered premises. To do this, you need to carefully inspect all rooms, especially smoky ones, remembering that children often hide in secluded places from fear (in dark corners, under tables, in cabinets, behind cabinets, etc.). Persons in charge of the evacuation must personally verify the presence of the full composition of each evacuated group by roll call on the list, thereby finding out whether everyone has been rescued. A leader or teacher should always be near students who have been escorted out of buildings. Students must be moved quickly away from the burning building to a safe location, at an established and predetermined muster point. This may be a club, a canteen, an office building, a hostel for service personnel, etc. In all cases, when extinguishing a fire, it is necessary to act quickly, use all available primary fire extinguishing equipment, and strictly observe safety rules. Authors: Volkhin S.N., Petrova S.P., Petrov V.P.
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