History of domestic state and law. Development of the form of state unity in October 1917 - July 1918 Creation of the Soviet state apparatus (most important)

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History of domestic state and law. Development of the form of state unity in October 1917 - July 1918 Creation of the Soviet state apparatus (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE FORM OF STATE UNITY IN OCTOBER 1917 - JULY 1918 CREATION OF THE SOVIET STATE APPARATUS

The Bolsheviks, having come to power, proclaimed the right of nations to self-determination. Taking advantage of this, in 1917 the Republic of Finland gained independence. In June 1918, an independent Tuva state was formed on the territory of the Uryankhai region, which had been a protectorate of the Russian Empire for a long time. The Tuva People's Republic returned to Russia in October 1944.

In the first months of Soviet power, in addition to the Russian, a number of other Soviet socialist republics (Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) were formed.

In addition, the process of federalization of the Russian Republic itself began. The course towards a federal state structure of Soviet Russia was already proclaimed by the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets (the resolution "On the Federal Institutions of the Russian Republic", a number of provisions of the "Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People").

The IV Regional Congress of Soviets of Turkestan in January 1918 set the goal of creating a Soviet autonomy for the region within Russia. The next V Regional Congress of Soviets of Turkestan on April 30, 1918 proclaimed the creation of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Federation.

A similar decision was made at the II Congress of the peoples of the Terek, held in Pyatigorsk in February-March 1918. At that time, the Kuban-Black Sea, Don (on the territory of the former Don Cossack Host Region) and Tauride Autonomous Regions also arose on the territory of the RSFSR.

The formation of autonomous Soviet republics within Soviet Russia in the first half of 1918 took place from below, a significant role in this was played by special commissars sent from the center (for example, S. Ordzhonikidze in the North Caucasus and the Don).

The legal status of the autonomous Soviet republics within Russia at that time was not defined sufficiently fully and clearly.

II All-Russian Congress of Soviets formed Council of People's Commissars of Russia, which first replaced the Provisional Government and then became a permanent government body of Soviet Russia.

Court Decree No. 1 dated November 22, 1917, all the old courts, the prosecutor's office and the bar were liquidated, in their place came local courts and revolutionary tribunals, whose status was fixed Court Decrees No. 2-3 (1918)

The organ for the economic policy of the Bolsheviks was Supreme Council of the National Economy at first, a very important role was played by the organs of workers' control, created under the Provisional Government.

Already in 1917, the first Soviet special service was formed - All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage (VChK). She became the main initiator of the “Red Terror” during the Civil War, largely replacing the judicial authorities (the revolutionary tribunals were subordinate to the Cheka).

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