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History of domestic state and law. The emergence of the ancient Russian state. Princely charters - sources of ancient Russian law (the most important)

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THE EMERGENCE OF THE ANCIENT RUSSIAN STATE. PRINCE CHARTERS - SOURCES OF ANCIENT RUSSIAN LAW

K ser. XNUMXth century the northern eastern Slavs (Ilmen Slovenes), apparently, paid tribute to the Varangians (Normans), and the southern eastern Slavs (Polyans, etc.), in turn, paid tribute to the Khazars.

In 859, united Slavs and Finno-Ugric peoples (tribes living near Novgorod - Chud and Merya) expelled the Varangians from Novgorod. Soon anarchy began, constant strife. As a result, the party that called back the Varangians won.

In 862, the Varangian king Rurik arrived in Novgorod to reign. A few years after the calling of the Varangians, an uprising broke out in Novgorod against their rule, led by Vadim, which was suppressed. Eastern travelers report three pre-state formations in the XNUMXth century. in the territory inhabited by the Eastern Slavs: Kuyaba (Kyiv), Slavia (Novgorod) and Artania (presumably Ryazan).

After the death of Rurik, Oleg, a combatant or relative of Rurik, became the ruler under his son Igor; after his death, Igor Rurikovich himself reigns.

In 882, Oleg made a campaign to the south and captured Kyiv, the center of the tribal union of the glades, where Askold and Dir had previously ruled. The capital of the now united East Slavic state was moved to Kyiv. Then Oleg subjugated the Drevlyans, Radimiches and others. Russ (dews) are either a clearing (named after the Ros River, which flows into the Dnieper near Kyiv), or the Varangians (as already noted, there is evidence that Rurik comes from the Varangian tribe Rus) .

Thus, in the second half of the IX century. a Russian state was formed with a center in Kyiv - Kievan Rus.

Written laws (princely charters) began to be published in Russia from the XNUMXth century. Then the Church Charter of Prince Vladimir was issued, which established the tithe and determined the jurisdiction of church authorities (in particular, family legal relations). A more detailed charter on the same topic was published a little later by Prince Yaroslav the Wise.

Princely statutes largely relied on grand ducal judicial law-making (in Kievan Rus, the prince personally administered justice).

From the XNUMXth century Russkaya Pravda becomes the main legislative source of ancient Russian law.

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