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History of domestic state and law. Changes in the social system of Russia after October 1917 (the most important)

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CHANGES IN THE SOCIAL ORDER OF RUSSIA AFTER OCTOBER 1917

The October Socialist Revolution brought about fundamental changes in the social system of Russia. The transition from capitalism to socialism was carried out, following the Marxist-Leninist teaching from one socio-economic formation to another, more progressive one.

Following the classical Marxist postulates, the Bolsheviks, having come to power, began the socialization of the means of production, that is, first of all, the nationalization (nationalization) of factories and plants. The land was the first object of nationalization (Decree on Land 1917). The nationalization of the land created the basis for subsequent collectivization and industrialization. Already in the first months of Soviet power, collective farms (collective farms) appeared in the countryside, mainly in the form of labor communes with an equal distribution of all the goods produced. The Decree on Land actually and legally eliminated the stratum of landowners as such.

The transitional step towards the nationalization of industrial enterprises, primarily in large cities, was workers' control (especially in 1918). In the following months, nationalization already covered entire industries, and by the summer of 1917 almost all large and medium-sized industry was socialized. Banks, railways, and other objects of state importance were also nationalized. The capitalists were losing their socio-economic independence and were mercilessly destroyed as a class.

The capitalist structure in the country's economy was rapidly being replaced by an expanding socialist one. The dictatorship of the proletariat was established (in alliance with the poorest peasantry).

The October Revolution was a great shock to the Russian intelligentsia, which split into two camps and, for the most part, ended up in exile.

The Decree on the elimination of all former estates and the introduction of a single common name for Russians - a citizen of the Russian Republic (November 1917) became the legal consolidation of the social changes that had taken place. Another form of address that emphasized the social equality of all Soviet citizens was the word "comrade"

Former "exploiters" and some other segments of the population (primarily landowners and capitalists, as well as the clergy) were deprived of political and other rights (became "disenfranchised"), and were subjected to repression.

The Soviet state established clear national equality and equality of citizens on the basis of gender.

<< Back: Development of the form of state unity in October 1917 - July 1918 Creation of the Soviet state apparatus

>> Forward: Sources of Soviet law in 1917-1918. Appeal to "Workers, Soldiers and Peasants"

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