Table of contents (expand)
- Subject, method, social value of the history of the Russian state and law
- The emergence of the ancient Russian state. Princely statutes - sources of ancient Russian law
- The legal status of the population according to Russian Pravda
- The political system of the ancient Russian state
- Civil law and procedural law according to Russian Pravda
- Crime and punishment according to Russian Truth
- Causes of feudal fragmentation in Rus'. The social system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Pskov court charter. Novgorod judicial charter
- State system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Rise of the empire of Genghis Khan. Golden Horde. State and Law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
- Prerequisites for the formation of a Russian centralized state. social order
- Political system during the formation of the Russian centralized state
- Sudebnik 1497
- The social system and the development of the form of state unity in the period of a class-representative monarchy. Zemsky Sobors
- Zemsky Sobors 1549-1653 Their structure, powers
- Zemsky and labial huts
- Stages of enslavement of peasants in Rus'. The legal status of the peasants and townspeople according to the conciliar code of 1649
- Feudal tenure according to the cathedral code of 1649
- Council code of 1649: system of contracts, crime and punishment, procedural law
- Social and state system of Ukraine in the second half of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Procedural law under Peter I. "A brief depiction of processes or litigation"
- The legal status of estates in the XVIII century. Article military
- Stages of the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia. Governing Senate
- Collegial bodies during the formation and development of absolute monarchy in Russia
- The social system in Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- The development of the form of state unity of Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. Under Alexander I
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia under Nicholas I. Systematization of Russian legislation in the first half of the XNUMXth century.
- Personal and property rights and obligations of peasants who emerged from serfdom. Temporarily liable peasants and peasant owners
- Military and judicial reforms in the second half of the XNUMXth century
- Reforms of the second half of the XNUMXth century: zemstvo, city and Stolypin agrarian reforms
- State system of Russia in 1900-1914
- Basic state laws as amended in 1906
- State system and development of law in Russia during the First World War
- The state and law of Russia at the beginning of 1917
- State and Law of Russia in June-October 1917
- Development of the form of state unity in October 1917 - July 1918 Creation of the Soviet state apparatus
- Changes in the social system of Russia after October 1917
- Sources of Soviet law in 1917-1918. Appeal to "Workers, Soldiers and Peasants"
- Decrees “On Peace”, “On Land”, “On the Formation of a Workers’ and Peasants’ Government”
- "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia". Development and adoption of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 Principles of democracy according to the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918
- Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918: principles of federation, suffrage, supreme bodies of state power and administration
- Family and financial law in 1917-1918
- Bodies of state power and administration during the Civil War
- Law enforcement and judicial authorities during the Civil War
- The development of the form of state unity during the Civil War
- Development of law during the Civil War
- Marriage and family law according to the CZAGS of the RSFSR 1918
- Development of the state apparatus during the NEP years. All-Union Congress of Soviets, Central Executive Committee of the USSR
- The development of the state apparatus during the years of the NEP. Council of People's Commissars, law enforcement agencies
- Education of the USSR. Constitution of the USSR 1924 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Civil Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Family law during the NEP
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in the prewar period in 1920 - early 1930s
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1939-1940
- The development of the form of state unity in 1930-1941
- Preparation and adoption of the USSR Constitution of 1936. Changes in financial law in 1930-1941
- General characteristics of the legal system in 1930-1941. Changing family and criminal law
- Restructuring of the state apparatus during the Great Patriotic War
- Changing the form of state unity during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in civil and family law during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in criminal law during the Great Patriotic War
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1945 - early 1950s
- State mechanism in 1945 - early 1950s. Civil, family and financial law
- Changes in the state apparatus in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- Development of law in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- The development of the form of state unity in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s. Fundamentals of Civil Legislation of the Union of the SSR and Union Republics, 1961
- State mechanism in the mid-1960s
- State mechanism in the late 1960s - mid-1980s
- USSR Constitution 1977
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Administrative, housing and family law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Labor, land and environmental law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Agricultural, criminal, corrective labor law
- The collapse of the political system in the mid-1980s - mid-1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1980s - early 1990s.
- The main directions of development of law in the early 1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1990s
STATE SYSTEM OF THE NOVGOROD FEUDAL REPUBLIC
Novgorod was not considered by any princely family as a fiefdom, the power and authority of the prince here were severely curtailed. Princes in Novgorod from the XNUMXth century. actually became elected, the Novgorodians called for one of the Rurikovichs, usually from the northeastern principalities. Thus, a republican system was established in Novgorod. Novgorodians even elected archbishop, which was then only approved by the metropolitan. The Novgorod Republic formally recognized its dependence on the Golden Horde, therefore, it nominally recognized the supremacy of the Grand Duke of Vladimir. In turn, the Golden Horde reckoned with the Novgorod order and did not interfere with the veche government.
The supreme state body of the Novgorod Republic was the veche ("parliament-rally") There are two points of view on the personal composition of the veche, which included:
1) all adult men, that is, there was direct democracy. At the same time, far from everyone who could participate in it appeared at the veche;
2) representatives of the population (not all Novgorodians), that is, there was a representative democracy.
The veche decided on the election (expulsion) of the prince, the election of other senior officials of the Novgorod Republic; issues of war and peace; issued legislative acts; tried senior officials.
Князь (usually from Rurikovich) was invited to reign by veche. The prince was the symbol of the state.
defender of the Novgorod lands. Arriving with a retinue in the city, the prince concluded an agreement with the Lord Veliky Novgorod. The prince and his warriors were forbidden to acquire ownership of real estate on Novgorod land, so that he could not take root in the republic. The prince had the right to receive certain duties, he could hunt, but only in reserved forests specially designed for this. Together with the posadnik, the prince exercised judicial functions, appointing local judges, and, possibly, bailiffs.
Archbishop (lord) headed the church, was in charge of weights and measures, had some judicial and other powers, under his command was a special archbishop's regiment. He presided over the meetings of the Boyar Council, which in Novgorod was called "Ospoda", and in Pskov - "Lord".
The planter was elected for a certain period of time. The current posadnik was called a sedate, and the former - old. Also elected thousand The posadnik and the tysyatsky solved the operational issues of the life of the Novgorod Republic. They had certain judicial powers.
All the cities that were part of the Novgorod Republic were considered Novgorod suburbs and were assigned to one or another end (part of the city) of Novgorod. The Novgorod suburb of Pskov actually had broad autonomy, usually there was even a prince of his own. However, Pskov did not have its own boyars, since they all lived in Novgorod, so the affairs of Pskov were managed by living (i.e., wealthy) people.
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