History of domestic state and law. Development of the state apparatus during the NEP years. All-Union Congress of Soviets, Central Executive Committee of the USSR (the most important)

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History of domestic state and law. Development of the state apparatus during the NEP years. All-Union Congress of Soviets, Central Executive Committee of the USSR (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE APPARATUS DURING THE YEARS OF NEP. ALL-UNION CONGRESS OF SOVIETS, USSR Central Executive Committee

The New Economic Policy (NEP) began to be implemented in 1921 and ended in the second half of the 30s. Activities during the NEP period: replacement of surplus appropriation with tax in kind; permission for private trade and small capitalist enterprises; the assumption of capitalism in the form of concessions, leases of small industrial enterprises and land under the strict control of the state; transfer of state industry to self-financing; the replacement of wages in kind with cash wages, etc. The NEP ensured the rapid restoration of the country's economy destroyed by the Civil War.

The most important thing in the development of the Soviet state apparatus during the years of the NEP was the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and, consequently, the union level of state authorities and administration.

The Congress of Soviets of the USSR (All-Union Congress of Soviets) became the supreme organ of state power in the USSR, expressing the supremacy of the Soviet people.

Naturally, the rest of the multi-stage system of Soviets of different levels was preserved.

The competence of the All-Union Congress of Soviets included all, without exception, issues that, by the Constitution of the USSR, were assigned to the jurisdiction of the USSR. Only the All-Union Congress of Soviets had the right to change the Constitution of the USSR.

In the period between the All-Union Congresses of Soviets, the supreme organ of state power in the USSR was the Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the USSR. Unlike the central executive committees of the Union republics, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR was bicameral. The Union Council of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR was elected by the All-Union Congress of Soviets from representatives of the Union republics in proportion to the population of each of them. The Council of Nationalities of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR included five representatives from each union and autonomous republic and one representative from each autonomous republic within the TSFSR (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) and the autonomous region. The functions of the abolished People's Commissariat for Nationalities Affairs (Narkomnats) of the RSFSR were transferred to the Council of Nationalities of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Both chambers of the CEC of the USSR were equal in rights, the decision of the CEC of the USSR was made only if both chambers of this body agreed.

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR, in fact, was both the executive and legislative body of state power of the USSR, exercising the powers of the All-Union Congress of Soviets, except for those attributed to the exclusive jurisdiction of the congress (change in the Constitution of the USSR).

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR formed its own Presidium, responsible to the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. It was the highest federal state body in the period between sessions of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. In this sense, he can be called the collective head of the Soviet state.

The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR was formed from the Presidium of the Union Council of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (7 people), the Presidium of the Council of Nationalities of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (7 people). Another 7 members of the Presidium of the CEC of the USSR were elected at a joint meeting of both chambers of the CEC of the USSR.

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