Table of contents (expand)
- Subject, method, social value of the history of the Russian state and law
- The emergence of the ancient Russian state. Princely statutes - sources of ancient Russian law
- The legal status of the population according to Russian Pravda
- The political system of the ancient Russian state
- Civil law and procedural law according to Russian Pravda
- Crime and punishment according to Russian Truth
- Causes of feudal fragmentation in Rus'. The social system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Pskov court charter. Novgorod judicial charter
- State system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Rise of the empire of Genghis Khan. Golden Horde. State and Law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
- Prerequisites for the formation of a Russian centralized state. social order
- Political system during the formation of the Russian centralized state
- Sudebnik 1497
- The social system and the development of the form of state unity in the period of a class-representative monarchy. Zemsky Sobors
- Zemsky Sobors 1549-1653 Their structure, powers
- Zemsky and labial huts
- Stages of enslavement of peasants in Rus'. The legal status of the peasants and townspeople according to the conciliar code of 1649
- Feudal tenure according to the cathedral code of 1649
- Council code of 1649: system of contracts, crime and punishment, procedural law
- Social and state system of Ukraine in the second half of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Procedural law under Peter I. "A brief depiction of processes or litigation"
- The legal status of estates in the XVIII century. Article military
- Stages of the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia. Governing Senate
- Collegial bodies during the formation and development of absolute monarchy in Russia
- The social system in Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- The development of the form of state unity of Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. Under Alexander I
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia under Nicholas I. Systematization of Russian legislation in the first half of the XNUMXth century.
- Personal and property rights and obligations of peasants who emerged from serfdom. Temporarily liable peasants and peasant owners
- Military and judicial reforms in the second half of the XNUMXth century
- Reforms of the second half of the XNUMXth century: zemstvo, city and Stolypin agrarian reforms
- State system of Russia in 1900-1914
- Basic state laws as amended in 1906
- State system and development of law in Russia during the First World War
- The state and law of Russia at the beginning of 1917
- State and Law of Russia in June-October 1917
- Development of the form of state unity in October 1917 - July 1918 Creation of the Soviet state apparatus
- Changes in the social system of Russia after October 1917
- Sources of Soviet law in 1917-1918. Appeal to "Workers, Soldiers and Peasants"
- Decrees “On Peace”, “On Land”, “On the Formation of a Workers’ and Peasants’ Government”
- "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia". Development and adoption of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 Principles of democracy according to the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918
- Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918: principles of federation, suffrage, supreme bodies of state power and administration
- Family and financial law in 1917-1918
- Bodies of state power and administration during the Civil War
- Law enforcement and judicial authorities during the Civil War
- The development of the form of state unity during the Civil War
- Development of law during the Civil War
- Marriage and family law according to the CZAGS of the RSFSR 1918
- Development of the state apparatus during the NEP years. All-Union Congress of Soviets, Central Executive Committee of the USSR
- The development of the state apparatus during the years of the NEP. Council of People's Commissars, law enforcement agencies
- Education of the USSR. Constitution of the USSR 1924 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Civil Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Family law during the NEP
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in the prewar period in 1920 - early 1930s
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1939-1940
- The development of the form of state unity in 1930-1941
- Preparation and adoption of the USSR Constitution of 1936. Changes in financial law in 1930-1941
- General characteristics of the legal system in 1930-1941. Changing family and criminal law
- Restructuring of the state apparatus during the Great Patriotic War
- Changing the form of state unity during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in civil and family law during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in criminal law during the Great Patriotic War
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1945 - early 1950s
- State mechanism in 1945 - early 1950s. Civil, family and financial law
- Changes in the state apparatus in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- Development of law in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- The development of the form of state unity in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s. Fundamentals of Civil Legislation of the Union of the SSR and Union Republics, 1961
- State mechanism in the mid-1960s
- State mechanism in the late 1960s - mid-1980s
- USSR Constitution 1977
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Administrative, housing and family law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Labor, land and environmental law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Agricultural, criminal, corrective labor law
- The collapse of the political system in the mid-1980s - mid-1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1980s - early 1990s.
- The main directions of development of law in the early 1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1990s
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT ACCORDING TO RUSSIAN TRUTH
Criminal liability in Kievan Rus came after the infliction of "offense" and for "robbery" Old Russian criminal law (which is usual for antiquity) was characterized by causality (the desire to provide for all life situations).
Russkaya Pravda mentions crimes against a person, against private property, but there are no indications of state and some other crimes (probably, responsibility for their commission was established by other legislative acts or by princely arbitrariness). True, Yaroslav still allowed blood feud for the murder. Yaroslavichi replaced blood feud viroy (penalty for murder). The rest of the penalties were sale. Vira was paid only for the murder of free people. For the murder of privileged persons (boyars, firemen, etc.) a double penalty was imposed.
For cutting off a hand and, apparently, for the murder of women, half-virye. For the murder of a princely serf, a sale of 12 hryvnia was assigned, for the murder of a serf (and a smerd, although many researchers believe that the full vira was charged for the murder of a smerd) a sale of 5 hryvnia was assigned.
A sale was established for inflicting bodily harm (cutting off various parts of the body), for "torment" (it is not entirely clear what it is, perhaps beatings or torture).
Vira and sales, in all likelihood, went to the prince (through special virniks). In addition to the vira, “golovnichestvo” (monetary ransom) was paid to the family of the victim. Also, the perpetrator paid the doctor a "bribe" for the treatment of the victim.
Wild vira was paid by the verv (community) on the principle of mutual responsibility, in cases where the trace of the criminal ended in the given village, and also if the community member could not pay the vira. Apparently, the criminal, who could not pay the vir, was in for a flood and plunder.
Russian Pravda does not mention various forms of guilt, but takes into account the circumstances of the crime. So, in case of murder "in offense" the stipulated vira was assigned, and in case of murder "in robbery" - the highest penalty, i.e.
flow (corporal punishment or the sale of the guilty into slavery along with the family) and pillaging (confiscation of property of the guilty). Russian Truth did not provide for the death penalty, although it was practiced. At the same time, according to Russian Truth, a criminal could be killed at the scene of a crime in cases of killing an ognischan (princely servant) at the cage (after all, he was protecting not his own, but princely property), while stealing at night. But the murder of a thief in the daytime was already regarded as exceeding the limits of necessary defense.
Thefts were differentiated not by size, but by the type of stolen property.
On the verge of a crime and a civil offense were such actions as plowing the boundary and destroying boundary marks.
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