Musician's metronome. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Musician's metronome. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Musician

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This device is usually used when learning to play musical instruments as a performance tempo setter. The advantage of the described metronome in comparison with similar ones is the high stability of the frequency (tempo), achieved by choosing a rather high frequency of the leading oscillator with its subsequent division by binary counters. The device turned out to be convenient in the rehearsal work of professional musicians. In particular, its use by performers on the instruments of the percussion group is interesting. This is facilitated by the small dimensions and weight of the metronome, self-contained power supply and high efficiency.

Musician's metronome

The device can set any tempo from Largo to Prestissimo, time signature - 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 5/4 and 6/4 with strong and weak parts of the measure. The power consumed from the built-in battery does not exceed 6 μW, the nominal supply voltage is 9 V.

The leading oscillator (see the diagram in Fig. 1), assembled on the elements DD1.1, DD1.2, generates a pulse sequence, the duty cycle of which is close to 2. The frequency divider on the counters DD2.1, DD2.2, DD3.1 DD3.2 generates three output signals with tone frequency ft, accent fa and operating frequency fr. Pulses with a frequency fp are fed to the input C of the counter-decoder DD4, which, depending on the position of the clock size selection switch SA1, passes every second, third, fourth, etc. pulses to output 0. They control the operation of the DD5 multiplexer at input 1. Depending on the logic level of the signal at this input, a signal will alternately pass to the output of the multiplexer either with a frequency ft or fа. As a result, the output of the multiplexer will be a continuous audio frequency signal, consisting of two components - ft and fa.

Further, this signal through the key on the element DD1.3, controlled by a signal with a frequency fp, goes to the volume control R4 and from it to the sound emitter HA1. The metronome tempo is set with a variable resistor R2. The transition to an increased frequency made it possible to abandon the oxide frequency-setting capacitor in the lead generator and thereby increase the temperature stability of the frequency. The use in the metronome of microcircuits manufactured using CMDP technology has practically eliminated the dependence of the main characteristics of the device on changes in the supply voltage in the range from 13 to 4 V.

The K561 series microcircuits used in the metronome can be replaced with the corresponding ones from the K176, 564 series. Unconnected inputs of all digital elements of the device should be connected to a common wire, and the outputs should be left free. Sound emitter HA1 - telephone TM-2A (passport 08-00-00 PS).

Assembled without errors and from serviceable parts, the metronome usually starts working immediately after being turned on; you only need to correct the sound of the device and clarify the boundaries of the tempo control. First, the desired "timbre" of beats is set by choosing the optimal values for the frequency of the signals ft and fа. To do this, the conductors, first from the input X0, and then from the X1 of the multiplexer, are switched alternately to all outputs (including those not shown in the diagram) of the counters DD2.2 and DD3.1 and listen to the work of the metronome. Choose as signals fт and fа those of them that provide the most expressive sound of the metronome beats.

Next, you need to make sure that by turning the knob of the variable resistor R2 "Temp", you can block with a margin on both sides the interval of the frequency of impacts from 0,75 to 3,46 Hz. If there is no stock on either side or, conversely, it is too large, the fp signal can be removed from the other output of the counter DD3.2. In the event that switching does not help, you will have to adjust the value of the capacitor C1. After that, a selection of resistors R1 and R3 sets the exact value of the required overlap in terms of the tempo frequency.

In conclusion, the scale of the variable resistor R2 is calibrated, for which marks are applied to it in accordance with the table. You can measure the frequency either by the oscillographic method, or by a special device - a time meter. Satisfactory accuracy is provided by graduation according to a standard mechanical metronome.

It should be noted that when the tempo changes, the values of the frequencies ft, fa and fp change, and hence the "timbre" of the beats. If this is undesirable, then it will be necessary to install an additional generator in the metronome at a fixed frequency, similar to the existing one, in order to form the signals ft and fа.

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