Table of contents (expand)
- Subject, method, social value of the history of the Russian state and law
- The emergence of the ancient Russian state. Princely statutes - sources of ancient Russian law
- The legal status of the population according to Russian Pravda
- The political system of the ancient Russian state
- Civil law and procedural law according to Russian Pravda
- Crime and punishment according to Russian Truth
- Causes of feudal fragmentation in Rus'. The social system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Pskov court charter. Novgorod judicial charter
- State system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Rise of the empire of Genghis Khan. Golden Horde. State and Law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
- Prerequisites for the formation of a Russian centralized state. social order
- Political system during the formation of the Russian centralized state
- Sudebnik 1497
- The social system and the development of the form of state unity in the period of a class-representative monarchy. Zemsky Sobors
- Zemsky Sobors 1549-1653 Their structure, powers
- Zemsky and labial huts
- Stages of enslavement of peasants in Rus'. The legal status of the peasants and townspeople according to the conciliar code of 1649
- Feudal tenure according to the cathedral code of 1649
- Council code of 1649: system of contracts, crime and punishment, procedural law
- Social and state system of Ukraine in the second half of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Procedural law under Peter I. "A brief depiction of processes or litigation"
- The legal status of estates in the XVIII century. Article military
- Stages of the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia. Governing Senate
- Collegial bodies during the formation and development of absolute monarchy in Russia
- The social system in Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- The development of the form of state unity of Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. Under Alexander I
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia under Nicholas I. Systematization of Russian legislation in the first half of the XNUMXth century.
- Personal and property rights and obligations of peasants who emerged from serfdom. Temporarily liable peasants and peasant owners
- Military and judicial reforms in the second half of the XNUMXth century
- Reforms of the second half of the XNUMXth century: zemstvo, city and Stolypin agrarian reforms
- State system of Russia in 1900-1914
- Basic state laws as amended in 1906
- State system and development of law in Russia during the First World War
- The state and law of Russia at the beginning of 1917
- State and Law of Russia in June-October 1917
- Development of the form of state unity in October 1917 - July 1918 Creation of the Soviet state apparatus
- Changes in the social system of Russia after October 1917
- Sources of Soviet law in 1917-1918. Appeal to "Workers, Soldiers and Peasants"
- Decrees “On Peace”, “On Land”, “On the Formation of a Workers’ and Peasants’ Government”
- "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia". Development and adoption of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 Principles of democracy according to the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918
- Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918: principles of federation, suffrage, supreme bodies of state power and administration
- Family and financial law in 1917-1918
- Bodies of state power and administration during the Civil War
- Law enforcement and judicial authorities during the Civil War
- The development of the form of state unity during the Civil War
- Development of law during the Civil War
- Marriage and family law according to the CZAGS of the RSFSR 1918
- Development of the state apparatus during the NEP years. All-Union Congress of Soviets, Central Executive Committee of the USSR
- The development of the state apparatus during the years of the NEP. Council of People's Commissars, law enforcement agencies
- Education of the USSR. Constitution of the USSR 1924 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Civil Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Family law during the NEP
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in the prewar period in 1920 - early 1930s
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1939-1940
- The development of the form of state unity in 1930-1941
- Preparation and adoption of the USSR Constitution of 1936. Changes in financial law in 1930-1941
- General characteristics of the legal system in 1930-1941. Changing family and criminal law
- Restructuring of the state apparatus during the Great Patriotic War
- Changing the form of state unity during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in civil and family law during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in criminal law during the Great Patriotic War
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1945 - early 1950s
- State mechanism in 1945 - early 1950s. Civil, family and financial law
- Changes in the state apparatus in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- Development of law in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- The development of the form of state unity in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s. Fundamentals of Civil Legislation of the Union of the SSR and Union Republics, 1961
- State mechanism in the mid-1960s
- State mechanism in the late 1960s - mid-1980s
- USSR Constitution 1977
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Administrative, housing and family law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Labor, land and environmental law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Agricultural, criminal, corrective labor law
- The collapse of the political system in the mid-1980s - mid-1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1980s - early 1990s.
- The main directions of development of law in the early 1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1990s
MILITARY AND JUDICIAL REFORM OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY.
Home military reform was laid in 1857 by the abolition of military settlements. In 1874, a new "Charter on military service" was issued and universal military duty was introduced. A 6-year term of active service in the army was established; those who served were enlisted for 9 years in the reserve (in the fleet, the corresponding terms are 7 years and 3 years), they were provided with a number of benefits. For persons with higher education, the service life was reduced to 6 months. Cane discipline in the army was replaced by humane education and training of soldiers. The caste system of the officer corps was destroyed in connection with the possibility of entry into it of persons of non-noble origin. In general, the reform contributed to the improvement of the combat capability of the Russian army.
Preparing for judicial reform started back in the 50s. XNUMXth century It was based on the principles of the independence of the court from the administration, the equality of the parties before the court, the publicity and competitiveness of the process, the right of the accused to defense.
In total, 1864 legislative acts were adopted in 4: the Establishment of Judicial Institutions, the Charter of Criminal Proceedings, the Charter of Civil Procedure, the Charter on Punishments Imposed by Justices of the Peace.
The first court instance was the magistrate whose consideration was subject to ug. cases of non-serious crimes (the maximum punishment for which did not exceed 1,5 years) and simple civil cases (with a claim value of not more than 500 rubles). The justice of the peace made the decision alone. The decision of the justice of the peace could be appealed to the county (capital) congress of justices of the peace. Justices of the peace worked for free.
The system of general courts included district courts, judicial chambers and the Governing Senate.
District courts considered cases that were not referred to the jurisdiction of justices of the peace, while criminal cases were considered with the participation of jurors.
The judicial chambers were the appellate courts for the district courts, they could act as the first court in the most serious corners. cases (on religious and political crimes).
Senate - High Court of Cassation. the court considering appeals against sentences handed down by general courts with the participation of jurors. He also served as the court of first instance when bringing to ug. responsibility of higher state officials.
In 1867, the military judicial reform: The system of military courts was somewhat liberalized.
Advocacy in Russia it was created in the course of the judicial reform of 1864. Among lawyers, jurors and private attorneys stood out. Attorneys at law (lawyers in the proper sense of the word), united in boards (under the leadership of the Council of Attorneys at Law), acted as defenders in criminal proceedings, which private attorneys could not do. Private attorneys could work only at a certain court.
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