Table of contents (expand)
- Subject, method, social value of the history of the Russian state and law
- The emergence of the ancient Russian state. Princely statutes - sources of ancient Russian law
- The legal status of the population according to Russian Pravda
- The political system of the ancient Russian state
- Civil law and procedural law according to Russian Pravda
- Crime and punishment according to Russian Truth
- Causes of feudal fragmentation in Rus'. The social system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Pskov court charter. Novgorod judicial charter
- State system of the Novgorod feudal republic
- Rise of the empire of Genghis Khan. Golden Horde. State and Law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
- Prerequisites for the formation of a Russian centralized state. social order
- Political system during the formation of the Russian centralized state
- Sudebnik 1497
- The social system and the development of the form of state unity in the period of a class-representative monarchy. Zemsky Sobors
- Zemsky Sobors 1549-1653 Their structure, powers
- Zemsky and labial huts
- Stages of enslavement of peasants in Rus'. The legal status of the peasants and townspeople according to the conciliar code of 1649
- Feudal tenure according to the cathedral code of 1649
- Council code of 1649: system of contracts, crime and punishment, procedural law
- Social and state system of Ukraine in the second half of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Procedural law under Peter I. "A brief depiction of processes or litigation"
- The legal status of estates in the XVIII century. Article military
- Stages of the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia. Governing Senate
- Collegial bodies during the formation and development of absolute monarchy in Russia
- The social system in Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- The development of the form of state unity of Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. Under Alexander I
- Changes in the state mechanism of Russia under Nicholas I. Systematization of Russian legislation in the first half of the XNUMXth century.
- Personal and property rights and obligations of peasants who emerged from serfdom. Temporarily liable peasants and peasant owners
- Military and judicial reforms in the second half of the XNUMXth century
- Reforms of the second half of the XNUMXth century: zemstvo, city and Stolypin agrarian reforms
- State system of Russia in 1900-1914
- Basic state laws as amended in 1906
- State system and development of law in Russia during the First World War
- The state and law of Russia at the beginning of 1917
- State and Law of Russia in June-October 1917
- Development of the form of state unity in October 1917 - July 1918 Creation of the Soviet state apparatus
- Changes in the social system of Russia after October 1917
- Sources of Soviet law in 1917-1918. Appeal to "Workers, Soldiers and Peasants"
- Decrees “On Peace”, “On Land”, “On the Formation of a Workers’ and Peasants’ Government”
- "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia". Development and adoption of the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 Principles of democracy according to the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918
- Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918: principles of federation, suffrage, supreme bodies of state power and administration
- Family and financial law in 1917-1918
- Bodies of state power and administration during the Civil War
- Law enforcement and judicial authorities during the Civil War
- The development of the form of state unity during the Civil War
- Development of law during the Civil War
- Marriage and family law according to the CZAGS of the RSFSR 1918
- Development of the state apparatus during the NEP years. All-Union Congress of Soviets, Central Executive Committee of the USSR
- The development of the state apparatus during the years of the NEP. Council of People's Commissars, law enforcement agencies
- Education of the USSR. Constitution of the USSR 1924 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Civil Code of the RSFSR 1922
- Family law during the NEP
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in the prewar period in 1920 - early 1930s
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1939-1940
- The development of the form of state unity in 1930-1941
- Preparation and adoption of the USSR Constitution of 1936. Changes in financial law in 1930-1941
- General characteristics of the legal system in 1930-1941. Changing family and criminal law
- Restructuring of the state apparatus during the Great Patriotic War
- Changing the form of state unity during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in civil and family law during the Great Patriotic War
- Changes in criminal law during the Great Patriotic War
- The foreign policy of the Soviet state in 1945 - early 1950s
- State mechanism in 1945 - early 1950s. Civil, family and financial law
- Changes in the state apparatus in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- Development of law in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s
- The development of the form of state unity in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s. Fundamentals of Civil Legislation of the Union of the SSR and Union Republics, 1961
- State mechanism in the mid-1960s
- State mechanism in the late 1960s - mid-1980s
- USSR Constitution 1977
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Administrative, housing and family law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Labor, land and environmental law
- The development of law in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s Agricultural, criminal, corrective labor law
- The collapse of the political system in the mid-1980s - mid-1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1980s - early 1990s.
- The main directions of development of law in the early 1990s
- The main directions of development of law in the mid-1990s
Zemstvo and lip huts
Local class-representative bodies with ser. XNUMXth century became zemstvo and labial huts.
Urban and rural societies began to issue lip charters, which granted the right to persecute and punish "dashing people", for this special were created. lip organs.
The fight against the robbers was organized and carried out by elected jurors (lip kissers), from among the black-haired peasants and townspeople. These persons acted within the limits of a special judicial district - lips (approximately within the boundaries of the volost).
Lip organs were headed by elected elders (heads) from the nobility of the given volost. Representatives of the labial organizations held their congresses, on the cat. the most important matters were decided, an all-district labial headman (head) was elected.
The labial elders in their activities relied on a large staff of labial kissers (elected in volost, stanovoye, rural and township districts), sotsky, fifty, tenth - police ranks of small districts.
The competence of the labial organs in the middle. XNUMXth century included a court for robbery and tatba, and in the XVII century. - also for murder, arson, etc.
In the XNUMXth century the activities of the labial huts fell under the control of the voivode. Over time, the provincial authorities lost their independence, electivity, were included in the centralized state administrative system.
The introduction of labial institutions did not yet imply the abolition of feeding. Another local reform of the 1552th century took the path of further restriction and elimination of feeding altogether. - zemstvo. Its goal was to replace governors and volostels with elected public authorities, extending their competence to zemstvo, local government and civil justice. The official decision to eliminate feeding was taken by Tsar Ivan IV in 1555. And in XNUMX the government issued a law proclaiming the Zemstvo a general, all-Russian and mandatory form of local self-government.
The competence of the zemstvo authorities included trial of court (civil) cases and those criminal cases that were considered in the adversarial process (beatings, robbery, etc.). Sometimes more serious cases (arson, murder, robbery, etc.) were considered by zemstvo elders and kissers together with the labial elders. The zemstvo elected officials collected the rent and other salaried taxes, and were responsible for this with their lives and property (unlike feeders). In fact, zemstvo institutions were not self-government bodies, but were bodies of local, but state administration, their activities were guaranteed and bound by mutual responsibility.
Zemstvo elders and tselovalniks (zemstvo judges) were elected (at first for an indefinite period, later - only for a year) from their midst by the black-haired and palace peasants in the countryside and the townspeople in the cities. Office work in the zemstvo huts was conducted by an elected clerk. In their activities, the elected zemstvos relied on the elected peasant community - sots, fifties and tenths.
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