Ignition unit for petrol heater. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices
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Many owners of Zaporozhets cars in winter have to spend expensive battery ampere-hours to ignite the heater. This can be avoided by equipping the heater with the electronic unit described below.
The petrol heater of the car "Zaporozhets" in the ignition mode consumes a current of about 10 A. This leads to a significant discharge of the battery. Such waste, even in summer, would be undesirable, and in winter it can become an obstacle when starting the engine.
More economical is the electronic ignition unit of the heater, assembled according to the scheme in fig. 1. The unit consumes a current of about 0,1 A. The heater with an electronic unit ignites almost instantly.
The rectangular pulse generator, assembled on the logic elements DD1.1-DD1.3, operates at a frequency of approximately 70 Hz. The duration of the low-level operating pulse at the output of the generator is about 1 ms, the duty cycle is 10. Element DD1.4 is an inverter.
On transistors VT1, VT2, a current amplifier is assembled, loaded with the primary winding of the ignition coil T1. During a high-level working pulse from the inverter output, transistors VT1 and VT2 are open and saturated. A current flows through the primary winding, the value of which is determined by the parameters of the ignition coil.
At the moment of a negative voltage drop at the base of the transistor VT1, both transistors close and a high-voltage voltage pulse occurs in the secondary winding of the ignition coil, causing a spark discharge between the electrodes of the glow plug. The VD4 zener diode protects the powerful transistor from reverse voltage pulses of self-induction of the primary winding of the ignition coil and from excessively high forward voltage that occurs when the high-voltage circuit breaks.
Chip DD1 is powered by a parametric voltage regulator VD3R4 with a smoothing capacitor C3. The R1C1 circuit delays the start of the generator by about 2 seconds to purge the heater.
The duration of the working pulse (1 ms) was selected as minimally sufficient for the ignition coil to have time to accumulate the necessary sparking energy. This ensures high efficiency of the unit.
The device is assembled on a printed circuit board made of fiberglass with a thickness of 1,5 mm. The drawing of the board is shown in fig. 2.
The board is placed in a strong plastic box. When assembling the unit, care must be taken to protect it from dust and moisture. Power is supplied to the unit through the wire to which the spark plug of the previous heater was connected.
The block used resistors MLT-0,125, capacitors K53-19 (C1), K53-14 (C3) and KM-6 (C2). Diodes VD1, VD2 and transistor VT1 can be used any low-power silicon. Instead of KT816G, KT851A-KT851V, KT855A-KT855V are suitable; preference should be given to higher voltage. The ignition coil can be any from a battery ignition system, for example, B112, B116.
Spark plug - any automotive with a short thread. To install it on the heater, it is necessary to make an adapter sleeve made of steel, brass (or bronze). Bushing drawing - in fig. 3. It is better to increase the spark plug gap to 1 ... 2 mm.
Several copies of the described ignition block have been working reliably for several years on Zaporozhets. By the way, some automobile cranes are equipped with similar gasoline heaters, and such a block would not be superfluous for them.
On fig. 4 shows a diagram of a variant of the ignition unit, assembled on the basis of the KR1006VI1 microcircuit timer. The timer is switched on in the pulse generator mode with a frequency of 70 Hz (pulse duration - 1 ms, duty cycle - 10). Transistor VT1 - current amplifier.
The block is assembled on a printed circuit board (Fig. 5) made of foil fiberglass with a thickness of 1,5 mm.
Capacitors C1, C2 - from the KM series, C3 - K53-19. Instead of the KT805BM transistor, KT805AM is suitable. Zener diode KS596V can be replaced by KS582G, KS568V.
Author: V.Slepchenko, Navashino, Nizhny Novgorod Region
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