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Nanotube cooler

27.07.2006

American scientists have used carbon nanotubes to cool microcircuits.

Veterans of computerization remember that the 386th processor worked without any fan, the 486th needed a heatsink with a fan, the heatsink for the first Pentiums was already recommended to be put on thermal paste, and now neither the central processor nor the video card works without it. And there is no end in sight. So, heating engineers need to look for new answers to the question: how to remove the maximum heat in the shortest time?

Another idea came from materials scientists from Purdue University (USA). The new material is carbon nanotube parquet, which is applied directly to the silicon substrate of the microcircuit, as well as to the surface of the heat sink using plasma evaporation and condensation.

"The nanotubes that cover both bonding surfaces are firmly intertwined. We are not talking about a mechanical connection - however, heat passes excellently, ten times faster than without nanotubes. Moreover, if the nanotube coating is impregnated with thermal paste, the heat removal rate will become even faster ", - says the head of the work, Associate Professor Timothy Fisher.

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Gravitational wave detector 04.05.2023

The Government of India has approved the construction of its own gravitational wave detector. The object will be built according to the project of the American detector LIGO, which in 2015 was the first to detect gravitational waves, envisaged by Einstein 100 years ago.

The Indian LIGO detector will close the blind spots for gravitational observations in the sky and generally increase the accuracy of localizing events in the Universe by an international network of detectors.

The Indian authorities will allocate about $320 million for the project. Construction is planned near the city of Aundha in the state of Maharashtra. It will be a complex of buildings, including an L-shaped interferometer with 4 km arms.

Building designs have already been completed, roads to the facility have been laid out, and part of the equipment - vacuum chambers - has been tested in the laboratory. Since the LIGO-India project will become a copy of the LIGO-USA project, the parties have probably agreed on the transfer of technology and project documentation. India should simply stick to proven guidelines and replicate an already ongoing project.

The LIGO interferometer is able to distinguish the phase difference in the two reference laser beams, which will indicate the distortion of space-time. This means that a gravitational wave passed through the detector, changing the path length of the laser beams. The higher the accuracy of observations, the more accurately it is possible to determine in which part of the sky a gravitational event occurred. It could be the merger of massive black holes or neutron stars. Accurate localization of the phenomenon will make it possible to send other telescopes there - optical, X-ray and radio - and see for yourself that exactly what the detectors recorded happened there.

The LIGO-India detector only due to its geographical position will increase the accuracy of localization of gravitational phenomena by an order of magnitude. It will complement the existing network of gravitational detectors from two American LIGO installations, the Italian Virgo and the Japanese KAGRA. The first measurements with the LIGO-India detector are expected by 2030.

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