History of culture. Paganism as a phenomenon of cultural history (the most important)

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History of culture. Paganism as a phenomenon of cultural history (the most important)

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48. Paganism as a phenomenon of cultural history

The term "paganism" has Church Slavonic roots (from the word "yazypi" - "foreigners") and appeared in the era of Kievan Rus after the adoption of Christianity. The introduction of this term made it possible to divide the development of religious views in Russia into two stages: before the adoption of Christianity (pagan beliefs) and after the adoption of Christianity. But there is also a broader, global definition of paganism, according to which paganism is a system of ideas, beliefs, rituals, views of people that existed before the adoption of world religions. World religions include Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Paganism served as the basis for these beliefs.

paganism includes fetishism - belief in the supernatural abilities of any objects (worship of stones, trees, etc.), animism - belief in the existence of the soul, as well as spirits (human features were attributed to various phenomena), totemism - belief in the kinship of man and animals (worship of animals and plants), etc.

Now paganism is not only an assistant to the ancient man, not only helps to explain the world around him and make it closer and more understandable. With the advent of statehood, paganism becomes an important political factor. Firstly, because the common views and beliefs of people are an important component in the matter of uniting them to create a single state. Secondly, paganism often acted as a kind of justifying factor for the rulers of states, since in many countries religious views endowed the rulers with the authority of the gods. A striking example is Ancient Egypt, where the pharaoh was considered the son of a god. Such a judgment endowed the pharaoh with almost unlimited power. That is, religion significantly strengthened the position of the rulers. Throughout the history of mankind, views and beliefs have changed, one religion has replaced another, while the relationship between the state and religion has also changed. It is worth noting that it was during the times of pagan beliefs that the state power acted as the center of religion, which in a noticeable way, due to the importance of religion for ancient people, affected the authority of the state.

Gradually, paganism begins to become obsolete, and new religions come to replace it. But interest in his study does not disappear. First, it is impossible, when studying history, to dismiss the religious views of people of various epochs as an important component of the historical development of man. Secondly, paganism did not disappear without a trace, it greatly influenced the religions that replaced it and continues to be traced in many customs and views of people, in the cultural monuments they create.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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