History of culture. Sciences that study culture (most important)

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History of culture. Sciences that study culture (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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3. Sciences that study culture

Many humanities are engaged in the study of culture. First of all, it is worth highlighting cultural studies.

Culturology - This is a humanitarian science that deals with the study of various phenomena and laws of culture. This science was formed in the XX century.

There are several versions of this science.

1. Evolutionary, i.e. in the process of historical development. Its supporter was the English philosopher E. Taylor.

2. Non-evolutionarybased on education. This version was supported by an English writer Iris Murdoch (1919-1999).

3. Structuralist, this includes activities of any kind. Supporter - French philosopher, cultural and scientific historian Michel Paul Foucault (1926-1984).

4. Functional, for which the British anthropologist and cultural scientist spoke out Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski (1884-1942).

5. Playroom. Dutch historian and idealist philosopher Johan Huizinga (1872-1945) I saw the basis of culture in the game, and the game as the highest essence of man.

6. Synergetic.

7. Dialogical, whose supporter was the Russian philosopher, literary critic, and art theorist Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (1895-1975).

There are no specific boundaries between cultural studies and related philosophy of culture. But still, these are different sciences, since the philosophy of culture, unlike cultural studies, is engaged in the search for super-experimental principles of culture. Philosophers of culture include the French writer and philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau, French writer and philosopher-educator, deist Voltaire (1694-1778), representative of the “philosophy of life” movement, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900).

In addition to these humanities, there are a number of others that are based precisely on culture. These sciences include: ethnography (studies the material and spiritual culture of individual peoples), sociology (studies the patterns of development and functioning of society as an integral system), cultural anthropology (studies the functioning of society among different peoples, which is determined by their culture), culture morphology (studies cultural forms), psychology (the science of the mental life of people), history (studies the past of human society).

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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