History of culture. Harappan Culture of Ancient India (Most Important)

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History of culture. Harappan Culture of Ancient India (Most Important)

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17. Harappan culture of ancient India

The culture of India is very original, because it went its own ways. It has a uniqueness and originality that distinguishes Indian culture from the cultures of other countries.

The origins of Indian culture go far, to the third millennium BC, when the Harappan civilization appeared on the territory of the Hindustan peninsula in the Indus River valley.

In general, the development of the culture of Ancient India can be divided into several stages, which correspond to the historical development of the Indian state:

1) Ancient India. Two periods can be distinguished here:

a) Harappan culture;

b) Vedic culture;

2) Magadho-Maurian era;

3) Kushano-Gupta era.

Let's look at each era in more detail.

Harappan culture

Various archaeological finds testify to the high level of culture of the peoples living there. It was found that already in the third millennium BC there were highly developed urban-type settlements with a very competent arrangement and architecture of buildings. For example, for the convenience of the passage of carts and movement, the corners of houses at intersections were made rounded. The houses were mostly built of brick and had two floors. An important achievement of the Harappan culture was the urban sewer system. The houses of that time already had original bathrooms for washing. There were city baths, the air in which was heated, there were pools.

In addition to the high level of architectural skills, during the Harappan culture, many types of various crafts were developed, such as metal processing, working with stone, copper, and bronze. This is evidenced by the found tools, jewelry, weapons, and various decorative items.

Writing was also developed in Harappa. Basically, it was a picture letter, in which there were about four hundred pictographs. Syllabic signs also began to appear.

Already at the beginning of the second millennium BC, scientists record the decline of the Harappan culture, which soon disappeared altogether as a result of a natural disaster. According to most geologists, such a natural disaster was a strong earthquake, which entailed other cataclysms.

Despite its collapse, the Harappan culture served as a kind of starting point for the entire further development of the culture of Ancient India.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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