History of culture. Early medieval culture (most important)

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History of culture. Early medieval culture (most important)

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28. Culture of the early Middle Ages

The main feature of the early Middle Ages is the spread of Christianity.

Christianity appeared in the first century in Palestine, then, spreading across the Mediterranean, in the fourth century became the state religion of the Roman Empire. Gradually begins to take shape priesthood institution.

The influence of religion on the cultural life of the Middle Ages was so great that it is impossible to consider cultural achievements without taking into account the important spiritual factor. The church becomes the center of all cultural and social processes in society. That is why it is theology (theology) in the Middle Ages that becomes the head of all other cultures, which in one way or another had to obey it.

Theology was primarily supposed to protect the official church from all sorts of heresies. This concept arose in the early Middle Ages and meant those movements of Christianity that deviated from the official doctrines of the Christian church. They were treated.

1. Monophysitism - a trend that denied the duality of Christ, his God-human nature.

2. Nestorianism - a trend that preached the position that the human nature of Christ exists in itself. According to their teaching, Christ was born a man, and only then took on the divine nature.

3. Adoption heresy - the doctrine according to which Christ was born a man, and then was adopted by God.

4. Cathars - heresy, according to which everything earthly, material is a product of the devil. Its supporters preached asceticism and were against the institution of the church.

5. Waldenses - adherents of heresy, who opposed the clergy and the official church, were supporters of asceticism and poverty.

6. Albigenses - a heretical movement that opposed the official church, its dogmas, church land ownership, and the clergy.

The official church did not put up with heresies, in every possible way fought against their spread. In the classical Middle Ages, such a method as inquisition.

Among the various cultures of the Middle Ages, philosophy can be distinguished.

Philosophy in the Middle Ages is the first "servant" of theology. Among the philosophers who fully satisfied the wishes of theologians, one should single out Thomas Aquinas (1225-1275 AD). In his works he sought to prove the existence of God. In his opinion, God is the supreme cause of all phenomena and processes, and it is to her that the mind seeking an answer must come.

Astronomy, history, geometry, etc. were considered lower sciences. They were subordinate to philosophy, which itself was subordinate to theology. Therefore, everything created, founded by these sciences was under the constant control of the church.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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