История культуры. Культура древних славян (самое важное)

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История культуры. Культура древних славян (самое важное)

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41. Culture of the ancient Slavs

Slavs - part of the ancient Indo-European ethnic unity. They are part of the Indo-European family along with Europeans. Their history is presented in ancient books.

One of the most significant sources of information about the Slavic tribes II-I millennium BC. e. the Veles book is considered to be dedicated to Veles, the god of wealth among the ancient Slavs. In 1943, during the occupation of Brussels by the Germans, she disappeared. But some records have survived, copied and translated by the writer Yu. P. Mirolyubov.

At this time, the ancient Slavs had a very common maternal cult (the patron bird of Russia, the Slavic mother of the cheese earth) and the cult of ancestors - manism.

Analyzing the beliefs of the Slavs, we come to the conclusion that their worldview was characterized by anthropotheocosmism, which manifested itself in the fact that they did not have a clear distinction between the spheres of human, natural and divine.

The ancient Slavs had a lot of all kinds of rituals and customs. For example, on the day of the vernal equinox, a funeral ceremony was held for Marena, symbolizing the victory over nadzima (death). On the day of the summer solstice, the feast of Ivan Kupala (the deity of the sun) was held.

Sorcery was also common among the Slavs, that is, New Year's divination for the harvest with the help of deep vessels called charms. Archaeologists have found an ancient Slavic sanctuary dating back to the XNUMXnd-XNUMXth centuries, the altar of which was made of fragments of clay bowls. Various vessels were also found, intended not only for New Year's divination, but also for other rituals.

Any spiritually developed people comes to the need for the existence of writing. The ancient Slavs had their own original writing system - knot writing. The signs were knots on threads, and the books were balls.

Nodular writing was replaced by pictographic letter. It can be seen in the ornament of ritual objects.

A new round in the history of the Slavs is associated with the 862th century. It was at this time that they were reunited under princely rule into a single young state. The era of Kievan Rus begins with the Varangian princes (Rurik, Sineus and Truvor) in 988. In order to further strengthen and unify the state in XNUMX, the prince Vladimir I adopted Christianity as the unified state religion of Rus'. With the beginning of his reign, Rus' entered a period of its heyday and international recognition.

An important cultural stage in Russia was the creation of writing. This event is associated with the names of two brothers, Cyril (827-869) и Methodius (815-885). Slavic writing was based on Greek writing. There are documents confirming that already in the 10th century. Cyrillic alphabet was used. And from the 11th century. children of rich people began to be taught to read and write, and libraries began to appear.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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