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8. Forms of culture
A multi-level culture, depending on who creates this culture, has several forms: elite, popular, mass.
From the very names of these forms, it is already possible to draw conclusions about what kind of creators of culture we are talking about here. But nevertheless we will dwell on each of the forms of culture in more detail.
Elite culture often call high culture. It is created by order of the elite of society, its privileged part, by professionals in their field. This includes classical music, classical literature, and various types of fine art. The slogan is the saying “Art for art’s sake.” Elite culture is most often inaccessible to poorly educated people and is somewhat isolated from them.
The opposite of elitist (high) culture is the culture folk, other name - amateur culture. Its creators do not have any professional training in their field, and their names often remain unknown. The most commonly used definition for folk (amateur) culture is folklore. This includes various myths, fairy tales, traditions, dances and songs. Folk culture is divided into individual (narratives, fairy tales, legends), group (dances, songs) massive (carnivals).
Folklore, unlike elite culture, remains tied to a specific place, to its traditions and norms.
Another kind of culture Mass culture. Second name - public culture.
She is not distinguished by some sophistication and aristocratic tastes. Mass culture appears in the middle of the twentieth century. This is due to the spread of mass media in most countries. Mass art is art for everyone, therefore it must satisfy the tastes of the majority. That is why it directly depends on the market.
Popular culture is also subdivided, it includes international и national mass cultures.
Unlike elite culture, mass culture is intended for a larger audience, and in contrast to popular culture, which is characterized by anonymity, mass culture is authorial.
An important characteristic of mass culture is such a thing as fashion. Mass culture must satisfy the momentary desires of people, change quickly, and be relevant. All this leads to a number of disadvantages: primitivism, cultural mediocrity, the emergence of primitive cults, heroes, the desire to own things, etc. But there is also a virtue: mass culture is primarily based on archetypes.
Author: Dorohova M.A.
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