History of culture. Buddhism (most important)

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History of culture. Buddhism (most important)

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49. Buddhism

Religion (from Latin religio - "shrine", "piety") - a system of views and attitudes of a person, which largely determines his behavior, is based on belief in the supernatural (gods, spirits, etc.). Religion allows a person to build a generalized picture of the world, to orient his behavior.

Buddhism - the oldest of the world religions, which arose in the VI-V centuries. in ancient India. Founder of Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama (later Buddha). There are two main branches of Buddhism:

1) southern (hinayana);

2) northern (Mahayana).

An important feature of Buddhism is its ethical and practical orientation. It is based on the internal manifestations of a person's religious life, but not on external ones, such as the ritualism inherent in many religions, there is no church organization, institutions. There is only a rule that it is necessary to keep three Jewels (tri-ratna). These include Buddha, Dharma - the primary element of existence, Sangha - the monastic community. According to Buddhism, there is an omniscient being - Buddha - enlightenment, he discovered the law - Dharma, which determines all the laws by which world processes are carried out. To store this knowledge and laws, to transmit them, societies for equals are formed - sanghas.

The main problem for Buddhism is the problem of the existence of a person as an accumulation of "changeable" forms.

Personality in the representation of Buddhism consists of five elements: corporality, desire, sensation, knowledge and representation.

The core of Buddhism is the "Four Noble Truths".

1. Existence (birth, aging, death) is suffering (duhkha).

2. All suffering due to the thirst for sensual pleasures, passion.

3. Liberation from suffering in the destruction of desires, for this it is necessary to go through the middle path (eightfold).

4. Eightfold way of avoiding extremes, includes constant reflection, reflection, meditation to come to a state of absolute peace - nirvana.

Most of the texts of Buddhism are collected in the essay "Tripitaka" ("Three Baskets"), which appeared in the 5th century. BC e. The final version of the canonical work appeared in the 3rd century. BC e.

Buddhism did not remain in the territory of one state. The scope of its distribution is huge, all over the globe, therefore its influence on people's lives, on its components such as politics, economics, culture, etc. is great.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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