History of culture. Culture classification (most important)

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History of culture. Culture classification (most important)

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7. Classification of culture

Since culture is a complex system, it is customary to consider it from different angles according to certain characteristics.

The main classifications of culture are maintained:

1) by geographical features (East, West, etc.);

2) according to temporal characteristics (a chronology of cultures is maintained);

3) according to formation characteristics (Stone Age, Iron Age, etc.);

4) by technological features (characteristics of new information technologies);

5) according to the carrier of culture.

Let us dwell in more detail on the last classification - according to the culture carrier. Accordingly, culture is divided into world и national.

World culture includes all the best that has been achieved by the national cultures of various peoples around the world.

National culture is a collection of cultures no longer of peoples, but of various classes, groups and strata of society. National culture includes spiritual values (language, religion, literature, etc.) and material values (household management, tools, economic structure).

That culture, with its values, customs, beliefs, way of life and traditions, which is inherent in the majority of members of society, is dominant culture. But various factors (the disintegration of society into separate social groups) led to the emergence of so-called subcultures, i.e. cultures that are inherent in small cultural worlds. Such subcultures may include youth, pensioners, national minorities and other groups. Often the differences between the dominant culture and the subculture are small. But it happens that the differences are huge, groups appear that begin to resist the dominant culture. This phenomenon is called counterculture. Sometimes this contradiction develops from passive into extremist. Often such groups are characterized by anarchism and radicalism. It is worth remembering the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century. In Europe and the USA, such a significant movement as hippies appeared. “Flower children,” as its participants called themselves, rejected the moral norms of society and lived according to their own principles and beliefs (“free love”). They did not agree with the conformism inherent in the society of that time, with its restraint and rationalism. The basis of the new movement was youth. The "flower children" were replaced by a new movement, already more radical and fierce - punk. Translated from English, the word punk means “rot, garbage.” Punks were characterized by anarchic ideals, music and paraphernalia, which distinguished them from the “consumer” society with its thirst for profit and outdated moral values.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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