История культуры. Культура ранней первобытной эпохи (самое важное)

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История культуры. Культура ранней первобытной эпохи (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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12. Culture of the early primitive era

Primitiveness This is the childhood of all mankind. It is in the primitive era that most of the history of mankind falls.

One of the most striking events of that time was the transition of a person from the stage of skillful (Homohabilis) to the reasonable stage (Homosapiens).

Many people tend to think that humans descended from African monkeys 8-5 million years ago, since monkeys split into two branches. One had great apes, such as chimpanzees; in the other, Australopithecines, the ancestral form of humans.

How is man different from apes? The thing is that for a person the world around him is the object of his thoughts and speech. The formation of communities with specific goals led to the formation of mankind. As a result - the emergence of art.

One of the most striking achievements of primitive man is his mastery of such skills as agriculture and cattle breeding. This happened about ten thousand years ago. How did people feed themselves before that? Their extraction of means of subsistence at that time did not differ much from animal habits.

Интересен тот факт, что уже в палеолите у людей того времени прослеживаются разумные решения проблем. К примеру, несмотря на то, что орудия для охоты были очень примитивными, не умереть с голоду помогала блестящая тактика, с помощью которой они охотились на животных. Только в начале мезолита появляются лук и стрелы, а значит,

the main quality of a hunter is no longer strength and tactics of action, but accuracy. At the same time, fishing techniques improved, such devices as hooks and nets appeared, which are used to this day.

In the Mesolithic era, the first signs appear that people are moving from appropriation to agriculture. This is evidenced by such finds dating back to the Mesolithic era as sickles, grains of barley, wheat, etc.

In addition to agriculture, people began to master another type of producing economy - animal husbandry. Scientists tend to argue that it was the farmers who first began to domesticate animals.

Already in the Stone Age, the first signs were discovered that a person was beginning to express himself through various forms of art. In 1836 French geologist, archaeologist Edouard Larte (1801 - 1871) in the grotto of Chaffaut in the department of Vienne, discovered a plate on which an engraving was made. E. Larte was the founder of paleontology, he discovered Aurignacian culture. This is the name of the Late Paleolithic culture in Western Europe. A variety of female figurines made of bone and stone have been preserved. These figurines, speaking about the cult of the mother-progenitor, are called Venus. It is interesting that similar Venuses have been found in various remote areas of the globe (Italy, Austria, Russia, France).

But still the main theme in art was the theme of hunting. And the main object of creativity were animals.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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