History of culture. Royal period of Ancient Rome (most important)

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History of culture. Royal period of Ancient Rome (most important)

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25. The royal period of Ancient Rome

The royal period is primarily associated with the emergence of a new city, in the future the capital of an entire empire, Rome. There are several versions of its origin, but the most common is the legend of Romulus and Remus, two brothers who were thrown into the Tiber River as babies, but survived. Subsequently, at the place where they were thrown, the brothers created a city. A long feud over who would rule this city led to Romulus killing his brother Remus and becoming the first king of Rome, named after him. It is believed that Rome was founded in 753 BC. e.

The development of Rome took place under Etruscan influence. Many Etruscan achievements were borrowed, for example, in the field of construction, various crafts. Rome borrowed writing, Roman numerals, methods of interpretation and divination, and much more.

The influence of the Etruscan religion on the Roman religion led to the fact that from the habitual veneration of all kinds of spirits, they moved to the veneration of the gods in human form. That is, anthropomorphism has replaced the once animistic religiosity.

Gradually, a certain structure appears in the religion of the Romans. The division of priests according to their functions begins.

There were the following colleges of priests.

1. Pontiffs. They were the high priests who were in charge of all the other colleges. Their functions included conducting various religious ceremonies and burials, writing calendars with marks of favorable and unfavorable days.

2. Augurs - priests, whose functions included divination by the flights and cries of birds, called auspices.

3. Haruspics - a college of priests, which was engaged in divination by the entrails of animals that had previously been sacrificed, and also carried out the interpretation of various natural phenomena, such as snow, lightning, rain, thunder, etc.

4. Fecials - priests who monitored the implementation of the principles of international law, they performed rituals at the conclusion of peace or the declaration of war.

5. Flamins - priests who worshiped individual gods.

The development of religion also led to its influence on architecture, the first temples began to appear (the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill, built during the reign of the legendary Roman king Tarquinia Prisca (Ancient One).

The last king in Rome was Tarquin the Proud (534/533-510/509 BC), under his rule, Rome in 510 became an aristocratic slave-owning republic, a new historical and cultural stage in the development of Ancient Rome began, called Republic period.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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