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21. Preclassic period of Ancient Greece
The most ancient civilizations that existed in Greece were the Minoan and Mycenaean (Achaean).
Archaeological excavations have shown that the life of the Minoan people was concentrated around palaces, consisting of various structures.
The Mycenaean civilization ceased to exist in the XNUMXth century. BC e., when the Greek tribes came to the territory of this civilization - Dorians. This time is marked by the heyday of the Iron Age in Greece, a new period begins, named after the great ancient Greek poet Homer's period.
The Homeric period ended with the beginning of a new stage - Great Colonization, which took place during the period VIII-V centuries. BC e. A new period has begun archaic.
The development of sciences begins, especially astronomy and geometry are worth noting.
There are also changes in the social structure of society. The tribal community is being replaced by city-states called policies.
The most important phenomenon of the archaic period of Ancient Greece was the beginning Olympics, dedicated to Zeus. The first Olympic Games took place in 776 BC. e. and have been held since then every four years.
The ancient Greeks made a great contribution to the development of such a science as philosophy. It was in one of the developed regions of Greece, Ionia, that during the archaic period such a philosophical science was born as natural philosophy. In Ionia lived such thinkers as Anaximenes (585-525 BC), Thales (624-546 BC) and more
Mathematics also reached great heights. Here the main merit belongs to the ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician Pythagoras of Samos (540-500 BC). He studied whole numbers and proportions. He also made great contributions to astronomy and music theory.
Lyric poetry occupies a leading position in archaic literature. If the epic prevailed in the Homeric period, now all attention has been transferred to the inner experiences of a person.
In the sixth century BC, a new literary genre appears - fable. Her appearance is primarily associated with her name Aesop.
In the archaic period, the Greek theater appears, the origins of which were round dances in honor of Dionysus, when from the general choir they began to single out characters who later became actors.
The art of the archaic period is characterized by the search for beauty, some kind of aesthetic ideal. That is why the main types of sculpture have become:
1) kuros - naked young man;
2) kora - a young girl in long clothes with a smile, later called archaic.
During the archaic period, architecture was greatly developed. First of all, these are temples and sculptures that form single ensembles.
Author: Dorohova M.A.
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