History of culture. Bronze and Iron Age culture (most important)

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History of culture. Bronze and Iron Age culture (most important)

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14. Culture of the Bronze and Iron Ages

The visual art of the Bronze Age is characterized primarily by the fact that the image of the animal gradually disappears in the images created by the artists of the past. The main object for the fine arts are geometric shapes.

One of the brightest cultures of that time is considered Maykop culture. It belongs to the people who lived in the North Caucasus in the third millennium BC. One of the most significant and famous attractions is Maikop mound. It represents the burial of a tribal leader.

Another important advantage of the Bronze Age is the emergence of metallurgy and metalworking. This phenomenon belongs to the last stage of the Bronze Age. The centers of metallurgy were found in the northwest of the Caucasus.

Along with bronze objects, iron objects begin to appear. As a result, the development of production is increasing. As a consequence of this development, there was a transition from pastoral tribes to nomadic pastoralism. But not all tribes were engaged in cattle breeding. The life of many tribes was based primarily on agriculture. But during the Iron Age, it was already plow agriculture. During this period, the social structure of the tribes changes.

An important feature of the Iron Age is the development of artistic crafts. These are mainly products made of gold, silver and bronze.

There was also great progress in architecture. In the Iron Age, structures such as fortresses appeared, designed to strengthen settlements. They were built most often from roughly hewn stones.

At the end of the primitive era, these types of settlements appear.

1. Unfortified settlements, these include settlements и parking. The sites date back to the Stone and Bronze Ages. The villages belong to the monuments of the Bronze and Iron Ages.

2. Fortified settlements. These are settlements such as settlements, common in the Neolithic era and in the Iron Age.

In addition to settlements, burials were common in the primitive era.

Burials are of two types:

1) unpaved burials, they were built without any grave structures;

2) burials with grave structures. These include mounds, tombs and megaliths.

Another type of burials is megaliths, megalithic burials. They are more complex structures than mounds.

Megaliths are of two types.

Dolmens - structures made of large stones, which are a huge box, which was covered with a flat slab from above.

Menhirs - structures, which are a long stone (from four meters), which was dug into the ground. Menhir in Breton means "long stone".

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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