История культуры. Искусство в эпоху Просвещения (самое важное)

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История культуры. Искусство в эпоху Просвещения (самое важное)

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34. Art in the Age of Enlightenment

Sentimentalists created the cult of nature characteristic of the Enlightenment. In their opinion, such natural areas as gardens and parks are the most favorable places for a person who strives for his development and improvement.

Here parks are not just places with natural or planted vegetation. They include various cultural buildings such as museums, libraries, theaters, art galleries and temples, etc. From this we can conclude that the art of the Enlightenment reached great heights.

Art in France is associated primarily with such a new concept as rococo. It is characterized by asymmetry, playfulness and pretentiousness, luxury and mannerism.

An example of Rococo are the works of the French painter Francois Boucher (1703-1770), such as “Venus Consoling Cupid” (1751), “Breakfast” (1750), “Diana’s Bath” (1742), “Morning” (1745), “Resting Girl” (1752 .), "Toilet of Venus" (1751), etc.

The ancestor of the Rococo style is considered to be a French draftsman and painter. Antoine Watteau (1684-1721). His works, from everyday scenes to gallant celebrations, stand out for their brightness, sophistication, and colorfulness.

But the very first painter-educator was an Englishman William Hogarth (1697-1764). It was he who was the first to introduce secular themes into painting, whereas previously works of art with religious themes had predominated. W. Hogarth's paintings were characterized by satire; he used painting to ridicule the vices of the aristocracy. An example of this is his paintings “The Career of a Prostitute” (1730-1731), “The Career of a Spendthrift” (1732-1735), “The Marriage Contract”, “Elections” (c. 1754), etc.

His compatriot, Enlightenment painter Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1888) was one of the most prominent portrait painters.

In Italy, namely in Venice, in the XVIII century. a new direction of painting was born - veduta.

Veduta (from the Italian word veduta) is an urban architectural landscape.

The literary art of the Enlightenment did not stand still. This is largely due to the flourishing of theatrical art. After all, it is not for nothing that the Enlightenment is called the "golden age of the theater."

Theatrical art was highly developed in Venice. Here, in a small town, there were seven theaters. Venetian theaters existed largely thanks to the merits of outstanding playwrights: Carlo Goldoni и Carlo Gozzi.

In the Age of Enlightenment, a "universal genius" appeared in Germany, the founder of German literature, a writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832). His works are imbued with anti-feudal sentiments; they describe the problems of human relationships and the search for the meaning of life.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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