История культуры. Значение и функции культуры (самое важное)

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История культуры. Значение и функции культуры (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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9. The meaning and functions of culture

The importance of culture in our world is enormous. It plays the first role in the development of society. Consider the main functions of culture, its phenomenon.

1. Human-creative function. She is in charge. Its other name is humanistic. All the functions discussed below are, in one way or another, consequences of the humanistic function.

2. Transfer of accumulated social experience. Здесь речь идет главным образом об историзме культуры. Поскольку культура значима тем, что она преемственна, т. е. передается из поколения в поколение. Эти передачи опыта ведутся различными способами: с помощью устных преданий, посредством памятников искусства, литературы, религии, философии, науки и т. д. Причем передается не весь накопленный опыт поколения, а только лучшие его образцы. Человечеству необходимо делать все возможное, чтобы эта преемственность никогда не прекращалась, поскольку это может привести к ужасным последствиям. Существует такое понятие, как anomie. Оно как раз и обозначает разрыв этой самой преемственности. Как следствие аномии, человечество теряет свою социальную память, историческое сознание. Этот эффект получил название phenomenon of mankurtism.

3. Epistemological function. It is associated with the ability to know, and this knowledge leads to the accumulation of rich experience and knowledge about the world around us.

4. Normative function. It lies in the fact that culture regulates various aspects of people’s social and personal life. This regulation is carried out through systems such as morality and law.

5. Semiotic (sign) function. К ней относятся различные знаковые системы культуры. Например, языки, знаковые системы в естественных науках (биология, физика, химия, математика, тригонометрия).

6. Value (axiological) function. Since culture is a system of material and spiritual values, by which one can already judge the degree of culture of a person, and, consequently, his morality and intelligence.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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