History of culture. Northern Renaissance (most important)

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History of culture. Northern Renaissance (most important)

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31. Northern Renaissance

The literature of the Northern Renaissance reached great heights. In the Netherlands, the flowering of literature is associated primarily with the name Erasmus of Rotterdam (1469-1536). The most famous works of this humanist are “Praise of Folly” (1509) and “Home Conversations”. In them, he ridicules many vices and calls people to free-thinking and the pursuit of knowledge. In France, the ideas of humanism were developed in their literary works François Rabelais (1494-1553) (his outstanding work "Gargantua and Pantagruel") and Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), who affirmed the ideas of rationalism in his main work, “Experiments.”

The work of the Spanish writer had a huge impact on world literature. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616). It is especially worth noting his main work - the novel Don Quixote. It is the standard for humanistic literature. Cervantes' compatriot, another Spanish writer Lope de Vega (1562-1635) thanks to his works "Dog in the Manger", "Blood of the Innocents", "Star of Seville", "Dance Teacher" and others, remains relevant today. Raising important questions for each person, he does not lose his novelty and significance today.

And finally, in England, the literature of the Renaissance is associated with the name of an outstanding author William Shakespeare (1564-1616). He owns thirty-seven plays ("Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Richard III", "Romeo and Juliet" and many others), the productions of which have not left theater stages all over the world to this day. It was thanks to W. Shakespeare that theatrical art in England received enormous development during the Renaissance.

Outstanding creators were not only in the literary environment. Painting received a big boost. Major painters in the Netherlands were Jan van Eyck (c. 1390-1441) - the author of a new oil painting technique at that time, Hieronymus (c. 1460-1516), Frans Hals (1581/1585-1666) - virtuoso painter, Pieter Bruegel (1525-1569). And perhaps the most significant names in the world of painting - Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) и Harmens van Rijn Rembrandt (1606-1669). Rubens's works are characterized by pomp, high spirits, and a lot of decorations and decorations. The main theme of his works were religious and mythological subjects.

The Renaissance, which originated in Italy, was of such great importance for the culture of the whole world that it could not remain in the territory of one state and spread throughout Western Europe. In each country, the Renaissance had its own national characteristics, but there were also many similarities. Firstly, the idea of humanism, characteristic of the Renaissance in all countries, which can be seen in most works of art. And although the church tried in every possible way to stop the development of this new thinking of people, sometimes resorting to the most extreme measures, the Renaissance was the basis for all further cultures of Western European civilizations and even largely influenced the cultures of the countries of the East.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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