История культуры. Культура классического средневековья (самое важное)

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История культуры. Культура классического средневековья (самое важное)

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29. Culture of the classical Middle Ages. Renaissance

In the classical period of the Middle Ages, the influence of religion on cultural life became even more significant. Of great importance, as mentioned above, have become widespread inquisition (from Latin inqusitio- "search"). Inquisitions were ecclesiastical trials of non-Christians. Interrogations were carried out with the use of torture, after which public executions were held when heretics were burned (auto-da-fé). During the period of the classical Middle Ages, there was a predominance in art gothic style, which replaced the Romanesque style. The architecture of the Gothic style was characterized by the fact that the temple buildings seemed to be carried upward by slender columns, the windows were decorated stained glass windows, the towers had openwork decorations, many curved statues and complex ornaments. Vivid examples of the Gothic style in architecture are Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Notre Dame Cathedral in Reims, Notre Dame Cathedral in Amiens (France), etc. A new direction appears in literature - chivalric literature. Its main character is a feudal warrior. Vivid monuments of knightly literature are such works as “The Song of Roland” about the campaigns of Charlemagne (France), “Tristan and Isolde” - a tragic novel about the love of the knight Tristan and the wife of the Cornish king Isolde (Germany), “The Song of My Side” ( Spain), "Song of the Nibelungs" - a legend about the destruction of the Nibelungs by the Huns (Germany). During the classical Middle Ages appears church theater. During liturgies, small skits on biblical themes began to be staged. (mysteries). Later, these sketches began to be staged outside the church, and scenes from ordinary people’s lives were added to religious themes. (farces).

At the beginning of the fourteenth century, interest in the human person intensified in cultural life. This marks the arrival of a new period in the development of the culture of Western Europe - renaissance, which is also called Renaissance.

The first trends towards the advent of a new cultural era were outlined in Italy as early as the thirteenth century, while the Renaissance came to the rest of Western European countries only in the fourteenth century.

At its initial stage, the Renaissance was presented as a return to the achievements of antiquity. In Italy, forgotten literary works and other cultural monuments of antiquity began to rise. But do not assume that the Renaissance is just a retelling of the culture of the ancient world. Absorbing all the best of ancient cultural values, the Renaissance created its own vision of the world, in the center of which is a person.

The new line of thought was called humanism (from lat. humanus - "human"). This idea, which puts a person at the center of everything, influenced people's desire for personal success, which is possible with constant development, enrichment of their scientific and cultural knowledge, development of creative energy.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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