History of culture. Classical period of Ancient Greece (most important)

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History of culture. Classical period of Ancient Greece (most important)

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22. Classic period of Ancient Greece

The beginning of the classical period is established with the victory of the Greeks in the long Greco-Persian wars, which lasted from 500-449 BC. BC e. During this period, Athens became the center of Greece.

Great importance in the classical period was given to the upbringing and education of citizens. Physical education played a huge role.

The medicine of the classical period is associated primarily with the name of a doctor known today Hippocrates (c. 460 - c. 370 BC.). He introduced the concept of ethical norms of a doctor, who, firstly, has no right to harm the patient.

In classical literature, the predominance of two genres stood out: comedy and tragedy. It also affected the theatre.

The emergence of a new literary genre - psychological drama - is associated with the name Euripides (c. 485 - c. 406 BC).

Magnificent monuments of architecture related to the classical period. A new order appears - Corinthian. It is characterized by a foliage-like finish.

In 431 BC. e. The Peloponnesian War began between Athens and Sparta. She divided the entire classical period into two stages: before the war and after. The period before the war is called heyday, the period beginning with the Peloponnesian War was called the era of the polis crisis.

The war could not but affect the way of life and thoughts of people. The main goal of people has become the search for happiness.

On this basis, in the era of the crisis of the polis, two philosophical schools are formed:

1) cynical, which recognized happiness for a person as his spiritual freedom. Its founder was the ancient Greek philosopher Antisthenes (c. 450 - c. 360 BC);

2) hedonic - I saw the highest good in pleasure. Founded by an ancient Greek philosopher Aristippus (second half of the 5th century - beginning of the 4th century BC).

Rhetoric achieves high skill in the era of the crisis of the polis. Mainly it's merit Isok-rata (436-338 BC) и Demosthenes (384-322 BC). Their speeches were examples of the highest literary skill.

Despite the crisis, architecture does not stand still. Here there is a predominance Corinthian style (the theater of Dionysus in Athens, the mausoleum in Halikornass, the theater in Epidaurus, etc.).

Sculpture has also changed. It has become more dramatic in comparison with the sculpture of the heyday. Sculptures began to convey the inner life of the depicted hero, a certain plot was outlined ("Hermes at rest", "Aphrodite of Cnidus", "Hercules", "Alexander the Great", etc.). Outstanding sculptors of the era of the crisis of the policy were Scopas, Lysippus, Praxiteles and more

With a hike Alexander the Great (356 - 323 BC) to the East, a new cultural era of Ancient Greece begins, replacing the classical period. This so-called Hellenistic culture.

Author: Dorohova M.A.

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