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A new state of matter: a crystal of bosons

19.06.2023

A group of physicists from the University of California at Santa Barbara have made a sensational discovery, revealing the secrets of a unique material created from bosons. Until now, the scientific community has focused on the study of fermions - subatomic particles responsible for the stability and interaction of matter. However, the latest breakthrough opens a new chapter in the study of the special properties of bosons and expands our knowledge in the field of elementary particle physics.

By superimposing the lattices of diselenide and tungsten disulfide in a special twisted configuration known as a moiré pattern, the scientists created a highly ordered crystal of bosonic particles called excitons. This led to the emergence of a new state of matter, which was called the "bosonic correlated insulator".

Bosons differ from fermions in their unique behavior. While fermions cannot occupy the same energy level, bosons share it easily, resulting in their special properties.

Professor Chenghao Jin, an expert in condensed matter physics from the University of California at Santa Barbara, explains: "Bosons have the ability to occupy the same energy level, while fermions avoid it. This difference forms the basis of the universe that we observe." .

To observe and identify excitons in the material, the researchers used the "pump probe spectroscopy" method. By superimposing two gratings and intense illumination, the scientists stimulated the formation and interaction of excitons. This method made it possible to study the behavior of excitons and reveal their properties.

It is interesting to note that with an increase in the density of excitons, they became immobile due to strong interaction, which led to the formation of a highly ordered crystalline state and an insulating effect. As a result of the correlation between these bosonic particles, at a certain density, they organized themselves into a symmetrical and charge-neutral insulator. This discovery is the first time that such a material has been created in a real system of matter, and not just under synthetic conditions.

The scientists note: "We have established a correlation that brought bosons into a highly ordered state. We have created a platform for studying bosons in real materials that did not exist before."

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