Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Theories of money and inflation
The evolution of the theories of money is determined by the economic and political conditions of development, but all these theories are aimed at developing practical recommendations in the field of economic policy.
In the theories of money, three main areas should be distinguished: 1. Metallic; 2. nominalistic; 3. Quantitative.
metal theory identified money with precious metals - gold and silver and reflected the interests of the commercial bourgeoisie and its direction in political economy - mercantileism. According to this theory, the source of society's wealth is foreign trade, the surplus of which ensures the flow of precious metals into the country.
Nominalist theory denied the intrinsic value of money to justify the defacement of coins in order to increase the revenue of the treasury. The essence of nominalism was most clearly manifested in the theory of the German economist G. Knap. Its main provisions boiled down to the following: money is a product of the state legal order, a creation of state power; money is a charter means of payment, i.e., signs endowed by the state with payment power; The main function of money is a means of payment.
Quantity Theory of Money explains the level of commodity prices and the value of money by their quantity in circulation and became dominant in Western economic thought at the beginning of the 60th century as an important part of the neoclassical theory of reproduction. The most popular are two options - transactional and Cambridge. In the 80-XNUMXs, there was a revival of the quantity theory of money in the form of one of the neoclassical trends in political economy - monetarism, according to the theory of which the amount of money in circulation is the determining factor in the formation of the economic situation, since there is a direct relationship between changes in the money supply in circulation and the value of the gross national product.
Currently, there are three main directions in the theory of inflation:
1. Keynesian theory of inflation caused by excess demand. Representatives of this theory proceed from an analysis of the income and expenses of business entities and their impact on increasing demand. They believe that increased demand from the state and entrepreneurs leads to increased production and employment. At the same time, an increase in population demand leads to inflation, since demand is unproductive in nature;
2. Monetarist quantitative concept. Representatives of this school of thought view inflation as a monetary phenomenon, that is, the result of an excess amount of money in circulation and propose to maintain it at a moderate level, since inflation causes an increase in industrial production;
3. Extraordinary Cost Theory. This theory explains the rise in prices by an increase in production costs, associated mainly with an increase in wages.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
<< Back: The essence of money, their functions
>> Forward: Credit money, their types
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ Macroeconomics. Crib
▪ Rhetoric. Crib
▪ Dermatovenereology. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive tiered mushroom
03.12.2010
On the islands of New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, French biologists from the Paris Museum of Natural History discovered an extremely unusual mushroom. It kind of resembles a fox, but has a pink color and grows in several tiers.
A new type of fungus lives in symbiosis with a local species of eucalyptus, braiding its roots with a shell of mycelium. New Caledonia is considered one of the "hot spots" of species diversity, here the process of emergence of new species is particularly fast. It is suggested that this may be due to the high content of metals in local soils, which causes mutations in all living things.
About 3000 species of mushrooms are known on the islands, but it is estimated that 25-30 thousand have not yet been discovered.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ Razer Cobra Pro Wireless Gaming Mouse
▪ New York Museum of Natural History will remove all human remains from display
▪ Remote ignition lock of a credit car
▪ Japan's Smart Agriculture Abroad
▪ Titanium Dioxide Increases the Emission Intensity of Laser LEDs
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site Art video. Article selection
▪ article I'll sing right now! Popular expression
▪ article In which restaurant did Colonel Sanders eat the worst chicken of his life? Detailed answer
▪ article Spruce high. Legends, cultivation, methods of application
▪ article Fluorescent lamps for disinfection, tanning, photobiological installations. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Modern TV channel selectors with frequency synthesis. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese