Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
Currency markets are operations centers where transactions are made for the purchase and sale of currencies based on supply and demand.
The participants of the foreign exchange market are: firstly, commercial banks. These are not only large banks, but also medium and small banks, and all of them tend to concentrate operations on large exchanges; secondly, non-banking financial institutions: hedge funds (mainly speculative funds) and pension funds (these institutions do not act directly on the market, but use the intermediary of banks. Their role is increasing, since their transactions reach large sizes and they are not subject to the rules for reasons of precaution as banking institutions); thirdly, enterprises and individuals. Large companies operate almost like banks and carry out transactions that are not always related to meeting their commercial needs. In addition, small and medium-sized companies "feed" the banks with their own funds; fourthly, brokers working on large exchanges. Their role is constantly changing with technological changes. They should always be able to provide banks with services that bankers cannot find either in direct transactions with other institutions or using new technology (electronic quotation); and, finally, fifthly, central banks playing the role of a regulator. However, in a free trade system, central bank interventions are relatively rare and are used to eliminate erratic exchange rate fluctuations.
The motivation for entering the foreign exchange market can be the satisfaction of commercial purposes (spot market, futures market, options market, financial futures market), pure speculation, and intervention. All these operations determine the trends of the foreign exchange market.
The "working" order of the foreign exchange markets can be subdivided by organization, functions and operations:
1. Internal organization of banks: drawing up a list of counterparty banks; determination of the degree of risk for each individual counterparty; introduction of limits for currency positions during and at the end of the day; position tracking; organization of a back office responsible for registering transactions, sending confirmation messages and messages about the transfer of funds, tracking correspondent accounts, accounting.
2. International markets. The basic principles of their functioning: to be true to the given word; a clear statement of the purpose of the rate request: the price for the transaction, the price for information; determination of exchanged amounts without prior clarification; Validity period of the exchange rate offered for the transaction: usually several tens of seconds, except for a special indication of the quoter; immediate written confirmation of transactions by telex, fax or through the SWIFT system; dispute resolution; introduction of codes of professional ethics.
3. The course of the exchange day in international markets: opening: analysis of the received and expected information, consideration of the evolution of exchange rates after the close of the previous day, contacts with existing exchanges in order to understand the situation of the day; first-year education; firm or unstable quotation; arbitrations; customer relations; maintaining a currency position.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
<< Back: Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
>> Forward: Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ Metrology, standardization and certification. Crib
▪ Merchandising. Crib
▪ Obstetrics and gynecology. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive 2 GB/s HBM460E memory
19.08.2019
SK Hynix has announced the completion of the development of the industry's highest bandwidth HBM2E DRAM memory. Compared to the HBM2 memory currently used in supercomputers and graphics accelerators, the throughput has been increased by 50% - up to 460 GB / s (the speed per line reaches 3,6 Gb / s, and the total number of lines is 1024 pieces).
Proprietary TSV (Through Silicon Via) technology allows you to create modules with a maximum capacity of 16 GB, packing eight HBM2E chips with a density of 16 Gb each in one package. For comparison, the maximum size of the current HBM2 modules is 8 GB.
SK Hynix describes HBM2E memory as "the optimal solution for the fourth industrial era, supporting high-performance GPUs, supercomputers, machine learning systems and artificial intelligence systems that require the highest level of memory performance." In other words, this is a high-performance and expensive memory for a new generation of supercomputers, artificial intelligence systems and graphics accelerators.
Serial production of the new HBM2E memory company SK Hynix promises to start next year.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ Economy hatchback Peugeot 208
▪ Household chemicals and intestines
▪ Li-ion battery capacity doubled
▪ Global organic shutter image sensor
▪ Holographic buttons for contactless control of equipment
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site Voltage stabilizers. Article selection
▪ battery article. History of invention and production
▪ article Where do plants that are not capable of photosynthesis get their energy? Detailed answer
▪ article civil defense engineer. Job description
▪ article Miniature electronic ballast on the IR51HD420 chip. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Frequency synthesizer for VHF radio station. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese