Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
This is a new form of financial institutions whose main activity is to raise funds by issuing their own shares, which are then invested in the securities of industrial and other corporations. Thus, through the acquisition of securities, they carry out, on an equal basis with other financial institutions, financing various sectors of the economy.
Currently, there are investment companies of closed and open types. The difference lies in the timing of the issue of their own shares - the first issue immediately in a certain amount, the second gradually, in certain portions, mainly to new buyers. A more convenient form is a public company (mutual funds), because the constant issue allows you to increase investment in the securities of the corporation.
A feature of investment companies is that among the buyers of their securities, the share of credit and financial institutions and commercial and industrial corporations is increasing.
The development of investment companies is closely related to the dynamics and scale of the securities market. The higher the level of development of the latter, the higher the degree of development of investment companies.
The basis of passive operations of investment companies are the proceeds from the sale of their own securities, share capital, reserve fund, real estate of the company.
Active operations are specific and differ from similar operations of other financial institutions. The bulk of the assets of investment companies consists of shares of various companies and corporations, and more recently they have invested in corporate bonds. There is a specialization of investments: some companies concentrate their investments in ordinary shares, others in preferred shares, and still others in bonds. In addition, there is industry specialization.
Since the development of investment companies depends on the securities market, mainly shares, frequent fluctuations in share prices affect the financial condition of investment companies, since the fall in share prices and especially stock market crashes slow down their development, and in some cases lead to bankruptcy.
Investment companies attract large segments of the population to investment activities, thanks to which it is possible to mobilize significant funds for investment in the economy and create an illusion that everyone can become a shareholder and thus an owner. Usually, small investors are attracted during the period of the stock market boom, on the rise of the growth of the stock price, however, in the face of deteriorating market conditions, they suffer big losses. The practice of Western countries shows that, after all, the main contributors are large individual and collective investors, and the control over the activities of investment companies is carried out by the largest shareholders.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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