Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Money circulation and its structure
Money circulation is the movement of money in cash and non-cash forms, serving the sale of goods, as well as non-commodity payments and settlements in the economy. The objective basis of money circulation is commodity production, in which the world of commodities is divided into goods and money, giving rise to contradictions between them. With the deepening of the social division of labor and the formation of national and world markets under capitalism, money circulation and exchange of the entire total social product, including the incomes of various classes. With the help of money in cash and non-cash forms, the process of circulation of goods, as well as the movement of loan and fictitious capital, is carried out.
Money circulation is divided into two spheres: cash and non-cash. Cash circulation is the movement of cash. It is served by banknotes, change and paper money (treasury bills). In the developed capitalist countries, bank notes issued by the central bank constitute the overwhelming majority of cash circulation. An insignificant part of the issue of money (about 10%) is accounted for by treasuries, which issue mainly coins and small denominations of paper money - treasury notes.
Non-cash circulation is the movement of money of non-cash turnover. They are primarily understood as bank deposits on customer accounts, the use of which is carried out with the help of checks, endorsements, credit cards, wire transfers. Bills of exchange, certificates are also used in money circulation, and in a number of countries - other obligations and requirements.
There is a close and mutual dependence between cash and non-cash circulation: money constantly moves from one sphere of circulation to another, changing the form of cash to a deposit in a bank, and vice versa. Receipts of non-cash funds to bank accounts are an indispensable condition for issuing money. Therefore, non-cash payment turnover is inseparable from the circulation of cash and together with it forms a single money turnover of the country, in which a single money of one name circulates.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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