Banking. Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation (lecture notes)

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Banking. Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation (lecture notes)

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Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation

Commercial banks can replenish their credit resources at the expense of the resources of other banks, i.e., at the expense of interbank loans. Free credit resources are traded by financially stable commercial banks, which always have a surplus of resources. In order for these resources to generate income, banks seek to place them, directly or through intermediaries (exchanges), in other borrowing banks. For a bank, placing credit resources in other banks is advantageous compared to placing funds in an economy, since the guarantee of repayment of a loan from the bank is greater than from the economy. In addition to solid banks, banks that are at the stage of organization and development have free credit resources.

The terms of repayment of credit resources are very different - from 1 day to several years. The interbank loan rate is usually lower than interest rates on loans provided to business executives and correlates with the official discount rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The reason for attracting credit resources by the borrowing bank from other banks is to satisfy the needs of its customers for borrowed funds, that is, to expand their credit investments, and the need to regulate bank liquidity.

In the case of a loan from one bank to another directly, their relationship is formalized by an agreement that reflects the terms of the loan, the rate, the responsibility of the parties, etc.

In connection with the tightening of the credit policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which is expressed in an increase in the level of the discount rate and an increase in the required reserves, the demand of commercial banks for additional credit resources in the form of interbank loans increased. The attractiveness of interbank loans is also related to the fact that these funds are not taken into account as resources when calculating the amount of required reserves transferred by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. For many banks that have not yet sufficiently adjusted their work on deposit transactions with the population or their clientele, interbank lending is a significant additional resource, although quite expensive.

In the conditions of a poorly developed interbank market in Russia, attracting interbank loans for short periods - from 1 to several days - is particularly difficult (associated with the weak technical support of banks), although these loans contribute to the normalization of the current liquidity of banks.

To characterize the state of the interbank loan market at present, a number of the largest banks in Russia and information and analytical agencies have approved a number of indicators: MIBOR (the average rate on interbank loans provided by the 9 largest banks of the Russian Federation), MIBID (the average rate at which the same banks are ready to buy interbank loans) and MIACR (average actual rate on interbank loans in these banks).

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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