Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
A commercial bank is a commercial institution created to attract funds from legal entities and individuals and place them on its own behalf on the terms of repayment, payment of urgency, as well as other banking operations. On the one hand, a bank, like any other enterprise, is created to satisfy the interests of the bank's owner (shareholders) and public interests (clients). On the other hand, a bank is a special type of enterprise that organizes and carries out the movement of loan capital, providing profit to the owners of the bank (Denis Shevchuk).
Commercial banks can be classified according to a number of features: by the nature of ownership (state, joint-stock, cooperative, private, municipal and mixed); by types of operations (universal and specialized); on a territorial basis (international, republican, regional and serving several regions of the country); by industry orientation (industrial, agricultural, construction, trade).
The main functions of commercial banks are:
▪ mobilization of temporarily free funds and turning them into capital;
▪ lending to enterprises, the state, the population;
▪ issue of credit money;
▪ making settlements and payments on the farm;
▪ issuing and founding function;
▪ consulting, presentation of economic and financial information.
In modern conditions, the influence of banks on the economy is increasing. The activity of credit institutions is not limited to the accumulation and placement of the growing mass of funds of companies, enterprises and part of the population. They contribute to the accumulation of capital, not only actively intervening in all aspects of economic life, but also directly participating in the activities of functioning capital or exercising control over it. Thanks to banks, there is a mechanism for the distribution and redistribution of capital across spheres and branches of production, which to a large extent ensures the development of the national economy, depending on the objective needs of production. By financing the additional needs of industrial, transport, and agricultural enterprises for investment and expansion of production, banks have the opportunity to influence the creation of a progressive reproductive structure of the national economy.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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