Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Investment activity of Russian banks
Currently, investment banks do not operate in the Russian Federation, their functions are performed by the largest commercial banks that provide loans to medium-term and long-term investment projects.
In modern conditions, the role of commercial banks in financing the Russian economy on a new technological basis is significantly increasing. Large banks carry out in practice the transfer of capital to more profitable, promising industries, bearing direct responsibility for their choice. Financing long-term investment programs involves the analysis and control of the current activities of enterprises by banks, but not all enterprises are ready for this. Where this happens, banks become direct active participants in the development of strategies and financial support for the innovative activities of enterprises and scientific organizations within the framework of new organizational structures.
The seriousness of banks' intentions in terms of investments in the real sectors of the economy is also evidenced by the development by large banks of such a line of activity as project financing.
One of the effective ways to solve the problem of investment is the creation of financial and industrial groups, holdings. CBs actively supported the idea of such associations, however, the actual creation of such groups in most cases is not formally registered. This is due to the reasons for the imperfection of legislation, the underdevelopment of the institution of private property, the slowdown in land reform, as well as the incompatibility of the forms of accounting for production and financial structures.
Nevertheless, there is a basis for expanding investment financing from banks, since there are free funds that could be invested: the process of real accumulation of funds at enterprises and among the population resumed at the end of 1993.
However, CBs face some rather difficult problems. Working with investments, banks are now virtually the only element in the system of private institutions that finance investment projects in industry. So, there are no marketing centers, enterprises for the preparation of investment projects and investment design; the design of credit rating bureaus that collect information about the quality of a potential borrower or investment institution has just begun; there is no depository network; investment funds have not received sufficient development. As a result of all this, the costs of banks in preparing and implementing an investment project are extremely high, and the risk at each stage is high, since there are many economic factors that can negatively affect the investment process of banks. At the same time, the expansion of the activities of commercial banks in the investment sphere depends on such factors as granting commercial banks greater independence and rights, maintaining the trend of increasing the efficiency of long-term investments and reducing the profitability of short-term financial transactions, the direction of the state investment policy to encourage private investment, and the stabilization of the banking system itself, going through times of crisis.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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