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Banking. Promotions: types and characteristics (lecture notes)

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Interest rate policy of Russian banks

An important means of competition between banks for attracting resources is a varied interest rate policy, because the receipt of income on invested funds serves as a significant incentive for clients to make deposits. The level of deposit interest rates is set by each bank independently, focusing on the discount rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the state of the money market and based on its own deposit policy. For certain types of deposit accounts, the amount of income is determined by the term of the deposit, the amount, the specifics of the operation of the account, the volume and nature of related services, and finally, it depends on the client’s compliance with the conditions of the deposit (Shevchuk D.A., Shevchuk V.A. Money. Credit. Banks: Course lectures in a concise presentation - M: Finance and statistics, 2006).

In order to interest depositors in placing their funds in the bank, various methods of calculating and paying interest are used: simple and compound interest.

Simple interest - the actual balance of the deposit is used as the basis for the calculation, and with the established frequency, based on the interest stipulated by the agreement, the calculation and payment of income on the deposit take place.

Compound interest (calculated interest on interest). In this case, after the expiration of the settlement period, interest is charged on the deposit amount and the resulting amount is added to the deposit amount. Thus, in the next billing period, the interest rate is applied to a new base that has increased by the amount of previously accrued income. Compound interest is advisable to use if the actual payment of income is carried out at the end of the term of the deposit.

Attractive for the depositor is the use of an interest rate that progressively increases depending on the time the funds are actually in the deposit. This procedure for accruing income stimulates an increase in the period of storage of funds and protects the deposit from inflation.

Some banks, in order to compensate for inflationary losses, offer interest payments in advance. In this case, the depositor, when placing funds into the account, immediately receives the income due to him. If the agreement is terminated ahead of schedule, the bank will recalculate the interest on the deposit and the overpaid amounts will be deducted from the deposit amount.

For a depositor who chooses a bank for the purpose of placing funds, other things being equal, the procedure for calculating the interest rate for which banks use the base 365-366, and the other 360 days a year, which is reflected in the amount of income, can become decisive.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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