Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
The function of selling bonds of government loans and lending to federal budget expenses. The Central Bank is the authorized body of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for the sale of government bonds. The bonds of these loans are sold by dealer banks, the composition of which is formed by the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank.
Bonds are sold at three market levels:
1. Enterprises, organizations, institutions and population. They freely buy and sell government debt obligations at the expense of temporarily free cash. The main part of the bonds is subject to sale on this market.
2. CBs that place their assets in transactions with government securities. Such operations are characterized by a lower degree of risk compared to business loans to functioning entrepreneurs.
3. The Central Bank itself, which buys the residual (non-repurchased) part of issued bonds. In most countries of the world, central bank legislation prohibits the latter from openly purchasing government bonds. To do this, the bank must be endowed with the powers granted by the legislative and executive authorities.
In addition to distributing government bonds, the Central Bank provides direct crediting of budget expenditures at the expense of its emission fund. In 1992-94 the main part of the fund was used to cover the state's current expenditures in the amount of 75% of the budget deficit. Debt repayment was made at the expense of taxes in the revenue part of the budget. In the absence of income, the loans provided were written off for losses of the Central Bank with subsequent compensation from various sources of funds of the Ministry of Finance. On January 1, 1995, direct lending by the Central Bank of federal budget expenditures was terminated.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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