Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
The modern credit system is a set of various financial institutions operating in the loan capital market and carrying out the accumulation and mobilization of money capital. The essence and functions of credit are realized through the credit system.
At present, the structure of the credit system of the Russian Federation consists of three tiers:
1. Central bank
2. Banking system:
▪ Commercial banks
▪ Non-bank credit organizations (NPOs)
▪ Savings banks
▪ Mortgage banks
3. Specialized non-bank credit and financial institutions
▪ Insurance companies
▪ investment funds
▪ pension funds
▪ financial and construction companies
▪ other
The new structure of the credit system has become more reflective of the needs of the market economy and is increasingly adapting to the process of new economic reforms (Denis Shevchuk).
At the same time, the process of establishing the credit system revealed certain shortcomings. They were expressed in violations at all levels: small institutions continue to form and exist (banks, insurance companies, investment funds), which, due to a weak financial base, cannot cope with the needs of clients; commercial banks and other institutions mainly conduct short-term credit operations, insufficiently investing their funds in industry and other sectors (Shevchuk D.A. Fundamentals of Banking. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2006).
Many newly created credit and financial institutions, insurance companies and investment funds are engaged in activities that are unusual for them: they attract deposits from the population, performing the functions of commercial and savings banks. A number of investment funds, financial companies and banks built their activities not on a genuine commercial basis, but on the principle of a pyramid, which caused a wave of bankruptcies. In addition, high interest rates on short-term loans lead to an unreasonable increase in profits, which are subsequently converted into foreign currency, which depreciates the ruble and leads to higher inflation. Therefore, many aspects of the banking system of the Russian Federation need further improvement.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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