Table of contents (expand)
- The credit system of the Russian Federation: essence, structure, meaning
- Legal basis for the activities of banks in the Russian Federation (Laws "On banks and banking activities", "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)")
- Central banks, their functions (western model)
- Functions of the Central Bank of Russia
- Passive and active operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Monetary regulation of the economy by the Central Bank (Western and Russian models)
- Regulation and control by the Central Bank of the activities of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Organization by the Central Bank of cash circulation in the Russian Federation
- Refinancing of commercial banks by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the open market
- The essence and purpose of the fund of required reserves of commercial banks in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
- Banks of individual elite service - Private banking ("Private banking")
- Credit auctions: essence, order of organization, meaning
- Operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on servicing the public debt of Russia
- Modern inflation: essence, causes, forms of manifestation and their types in the Russian Federation
- Money circulation and its structure
- Indicators of the volume and structure of the money supply in circulation in the Russian Federation
- Monetary systems, their main elements (Western model)
- Features of the monetary system of the Russian Federation
- Interbank loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Interest rate policy of Russian banks
- Stocks: types and characteristics
- Securities in the Russian Federation. Types and characteristics
- Loan capital market: structure and functions
- Securities market: structure and functions
- Primary securities market. Methods of issue of securities
- Stock exchange: organizational and functional mechanism in the Russian Federation
- Characteristics of the secondary securities market
- Features of retail banking services - Retail banking ("Retail banking")
- The essence of money, their functions
- Theories of money and inflation
- Credit money, their types
- Bill, its essence, types
- Government securities (western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the economy (Western model)
- Commercial banks: essence, types and role in the Russian economy
- Passive operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Formation of own resources of Russian banks
- Attracted resources of commercial banks in the Russian Federation
- Liability management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation
- Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics
- Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation
- Forms of loan security
- Operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation with securities
- Investment activity of Russian banks
- Asset management of commercial banks
- Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
- Financial risks
- Characteristics of the bank's assets in terms of providing liquidity, profitability
- Forms of credit: commercial, banking, consumer, state, international
- Financial services of commercial banks (leasing, factoring, trust transactions)
- Settlement operations of commercial banks
- The main forms of cashless payments in the Russian Federation
- Formation of check circulation in the Russian Federation (checks of commercial banks)
- Main forms of international payments
- Foreign exchange operations of Russian banks
- Foreign exchange market in the Russian Federation: participants, structure
- Mortgage banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Investment banks and their operations (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Savings banks and their operations (Western model)
- Savings banks of the Russian Federation
- Insurance companies and their operations
- Pension funds and their operations
- Investment companies and investment funds (western model, experience in the Russian Federation)
- Theories of credit
- The essence, functions and role of credit in the market economy of the Russian Federation
- International financial institutions
- Essence and functions of banking marketing
- Essence and functions of banking management
- Credit, investment and financial consulting
Liquidity of credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Liquidity indicators
The liquidity of a commercial bank is the ability to use its assets as cash or quickly turn it into cash. The need to manage the liquidity of the banks themselves is complemented by government regulation in the interests of macroeconomics. By setting the Central Bank of liquidity indicators and norms, monitoring compliance with these requirements and general supervision of the activities of banks, the states manage the operations of the CB, thereby ensuring the stability of the banking system, protecting the interests of depositors and creditors, and essentially implementing the state monetary policy.
With regard to the Russian banking system, during the transition of the national economy of the country to market relations, including the financial and credit system, the Central Bank, based on its powers in the field of state monetary policy, the implementation of the functions of banking regulation and supervision of the activities of credit institutions, in accordance with Instruction No. 1 "On the procedure for regulating the activities of credit organizations" dated January 30.01.96, 1.03.96, established the following mandatory economic liquidity ratios for CBs from March XNUMX, XNUMX:
1. Current liquidity - H2 - (the ratio of the amount of liquid assets to the amount of the bank's liabilities on demand accounts and for up to 30 days) - is determined by the so-called. "golden banking rule" - the amount and timing of the bank's financial requirements must correspond to the size and timing of its obligations. Maintaining H2 at the required level (accordingly, balance sheet liquidity) means that the bank must comply with a strict correspondence between the terms for which depositors' funds are attracted and the terms for which these funds are placed in active operations. From the standpoint of mandatory supervision by the Central Bank of ensuring that the CBs have the minimum established limit of H2, this is a direct form of protecting the interests of the population in their deposits. Min. add. value from 1.02.97 - 30%, from 1.02.98-50%, from 1.02.99-70%
2. Instant liquidity - H3 - (the ratio of the amount of highly liquid assets to the amount of liabilities on demand accounts) - means the bank's ability to fulfill its obligations to depositors at the current moment. Min. add. value from 1.02.97 - 20%.
3. Long-term liquidity - H4 - (the ratio of loans issued by the bank with a maturity of more than a year to the bank's capital, as well as to the bank's obligations on deposit accounts, loans received and other debt obligations for a period of more than a year) - in terms of economic content, this ratio has the same functional meaning as and H2 and H3, evaluating and monitoring the bank's activities to ensure its liquidity and timely fulfillment of debt obligations. Max. add. the value of c is 120%.
4. The ratio of liquid assets and total assets of the bank - H5 - means in what extreme proportions it is necessary and economically feasible to maintain the ratio of the components of the calculation of H5, so that they simultaneously provide both the proper level of balance liquidity and a high level of profitability of the bank on active operations. In the event of a decrease in H5 - the bank loses liquidity, with an increase - real losses in income from active operations. Value from 1.02.97-20%.
Author: Shevchuk D.A.
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