Banking. Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Banking. Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics (lecture notes)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

Loan operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation: essence, types, characteristics

Depending on the economic content and purpose, accounting and loan (credit) operations are divided as follows:

▪ loans for commercial purposes:

a) for temporary needs to finance the current working capital needs of industrial, commercial, and agricultural enterprises;

b) for capital investments, expansion and modernization of fixed capital in various industries; c) for stock market speculation;

▪ consumer or personal loans for housing construction, purchase of durable consumer goods, payment for education, treatment, etc.

By category of borrowers, bank loans are distinguished:

▪ joint-stock companies and private enterprises;

▪ credit and financial institutions;

▪ government and local authorities.

Bank loans may be unsecured or secured (collateral).

By maturity, loans are divided into demand loans and term loans. The latter are divided into short-term (from 1 day to 1 year), medium-term (from a year to 8 years) and long-term (more than 8 years).

Bank loans according to the method of repayment are divided into two - direct and in installments. According to the first, the entire principal debt is repaid on one end date by a lump-sum payment (excluding interest), according to the second, the loan is written off in equal installments throughout the term of the loan agreement and is usually applied to medium-long-term loans.

Sources of loan repayment depend on the type of loan. Short-term loans are usually repaid by liquidating the inventory or receivables for which the borrower received the loan. Medium-term and long-term loans are repaid from the profit received from the use of the loan. Interest on a loan may also be paid in a lump sum at the end of the loan term or in equal installments throughout the life of the loan.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

<< Back: Active operations of commercial banks of the Russian Federation

>> Forward: Documents submitted by the borrower for obtaining a loan from a commercial bank of the Russian Federation

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Commercial law. Lecture notes

▪ Regional studies. Crib

▪ Informatics and information technologies. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Muscle tone without physical activity 25.03.2020

Scientists at the University of Birmingham and the University of Dundee have conducted research that will help older people maintain muscle mass in good shape.

One of the best ways to maintain muscle strength with age is, of course, constant physical activity and exercise. However, not every aging person is able to withstand such loads.

Scientists set out to find out at the cellular level what exactly makes muscles elastic. Cells contain a kind of energy stations. Their role is played by mitochondria, it is they who produce energy, while being destroyed and synthesized again. The older the body, the more difficult the process of mitochondrial renewal is, and more and more decay products accumulate in the cells without renewal or old mitochondria that no longer work. Therefore, muscle function decreases, and at the same time the physical capabilities of a person.

Using fluorescent labels, scientists tracked the development of mitochondria in muscle cells. At first they had a golden color, and when destroyed they turned red. It turned out that molecules of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulate the process of destruction of spent mitochondria, the activity of which increases with sports.

Scientists came to the conclusion that exercise does not affect the renewal of mitochondria directly, but indirectly - thanks to AMPK. Therefore, if you use a drug that activates AMPK chemically, you can achieve the same result - restore muscle strength and elasticity.

Therefore, the new development will help create new drugs to maintain muscle tone until old age, which means that older people will be able to stay physically active longer.

Other interesting news:

▪ Mining from asteroids

▪ Death Rays vs Drones

▪ Refueling at home

▪ Hydrofoil Electric Taxi Candela P-12

▪ Shark Twitter

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Radio - for beginners. Article selection

▪ article by Giovanni di Fidanza (Bonaventure). Famous aphorisms

▪ article What kind of foreign convicts did they want to populate Russian expanses? Detailed answer

▪ article Colocasia. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ Article Launcher. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Multi-digit vacuum luminescent indicators ILTs1-4/7M, ILTs3-4/7M. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews