Anthropology. Levels of socialization (most important)

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Anthropology. Levels of socialization (most important)

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37. LEVELS OF SOCIALIZATION

There are three levels of socialization (their reality has been empirically tested, as evidenced by I. Cohn, in 32 countries): pre-moral, conventional and moral. The pre-moral level is characteristic of relationships between children and parents, based on the external dyad “suffering - pleasure”, the conventional level is based on the principle of mutual retribution; The moral level is characterized by the fact that the actions of the individual begin to be regulated by conscience. Kohlberg proposes to distinguish seven gradations at this level, up to the formation of an individual’s own moral system. Many people do not reach the moral level in their development. In this regard, the term “moral pragmatism” appeared in a number of Russian party programs, meaning that it is necessary to fight for the triumph of the moral law in people’s business relations. Society is gradually sliding down to the level of “situational morality”, the motto of which is: “What is moral is what is useful in a given situation.”

In childhood, the child wants to be like everyone else, so imitation, identification, authorities ("significant others") play an important role.

The teenager already feels his individuality, as a result of which he strives "to be like everyone else, but better than everyone else." The energy of self-affirmation results in the formation of courage, strength, the desire to stand out in a group, not differing in principle from everyone else. A teenager is very normative, but in his environment.

Youth is already characterized by the desire "to be different from everyone else." There is a clear scale of values that is not demonstrated verbally. The desire to stand out at all costs often leads to nonconformity, the desire to shock, to act contrary to public opinion. Parents at this age are no longer authorities for their children, unconditionally dictating their behavior. Youth expands its horizons of vision and understanding of life and the world, often due to the denial of the usual parental existence, forms its own subculture, language, tastes, fashions.

The stage of true adulthood, social maturity is characterized by the fact that a person asserts himself through society, through the role structure and value system, verified by culture. Significant for him is the desire to continue himself through others - relatives, a group, society and even humanity. But a person may not enter this stage at all. People who have stopped in their development and have not acquired the qualities of a socially mature personality are called infantile.

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