Anthropology. Anthropogenesis: basic theories (most important)

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Anthropology. Anthropogenesis: basic theories (most important)

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6. ANTHROPOGENESIS: BASIC THEORIES

Anthropogenesis (from the Greek anthropos - man, genesis - development) - the process of development of modern man, human paleontology; a science that studies the origin of man, the process of his development.

The complex of approaches to the study of the past of mankind includes:

1) biological sciences:

▪ human biology - morphology, physiology, cerebrology, human paleontology;

▪ Primatology - paleontology of primates;

▪ paleontology - vertebrate paleontology, palynology;

▪ general biology - embryology, genetics, molecular biology, comparative anatomy.

2) physical sciences:

▪ Geology - geomorphology, geophysics, stratigraphy, geochronology;

▪ chemistry;

▪ taphonomy (the science of burial of fossil remains);

▪ dating methods - decay of radioactive elements, radiocarbon, thermoluminescent, indirect dating methods;

3) Social sciencies:

▪ archeology - Paleolithic archeology, archeology of later times;

▪ ethnoarchaeology, comparative ethnology;

▪ psychology.

The number of theories about the origin of man is huge, but the main ones are two - evolutionist theories (derived from the theory of Darwin and Wallace) and creationism (derived from the Bible).

For about a century and a half, discussions between the supporters of these two different theories in biology and natural science have not subsided.

According to evolutionary theory, man evolved from apes. The place of man in the detachment of modern primates is as follows:

1) suborder of semi-monkeys: sections of lemuromorphs, lorymorphs, tarsiimorphs;

2) suborder of anthropoids:

a) section of broad-nosed monkeys: family of marmosets and capuchinids;

b) section of narrow-nosed monkeys:

▪ superfamily Cercopithecoidae, family Apeaceae (inferior narrow-nosed): subfamily Marmosetaceae and slender-bodied;

▪ superfamily of hominoids (higher narrow-nosed):

▪ gibbon family (gibbons, siamangs);

▪ Pongid family. Orangutan. African pongids (gorilla and chimpanzee) as the closest relatives of humans;

▪ Hominid family. Man is its only modern representative.

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