Anthropology. Control in society (most important)

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Anthropology. Control in society (most important)

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32. CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPERAMENT ACCORDING TO W. SHELDON

Sufficiently rigid connections between morphology and temperament were described by W. Sheldon (1942). The work was done on a different methodological level and deserves more confidence. When describing temperament, the author used not a discrete type, but components, similar to how it was done in his constitutional system: 50 signs were divided by W. Sheldon into three categories, on the basis of which he singled out three components of temperament, each of which was characterized by 12 signs . Each attribute was evaluated on a seven-point scale, and the average score for 12 attributes determined the entire component (an analogy with the constitutional system is evident here). Sheldon identified three components of temperament: viscerotonia, somatotonia, and cerebrotonia. After examining 200 subjects, Sheldon compared them with data on somatotypes. While individual somatic and "mental" traits showed a weak relationship, constitutional types showed a high association with certain types of temperament. The author obtained a correlation coefficient of about 0,8 between viscerotonia and endomorphia, somatotonia and cerebrotonia, cerebrotonia and ectomorphia.

People with viscerotonic temperament are characterized by relaxed movements, sociability, and in many respects - psychological dependence on public opinion. They are open to others in their thoughts, feelings and actions and most often, according to W. Sheldon, they have an endomorphic constitutional type.

Somatotonic temperament is characterized primarily by energy, some coldness in communication, and a penchant for adventure. With sufficient sociability, people of this type are secretive in their feelings and emotions. Sheldon obtained a significant association of somatotonic temperament with mesomorphic constitutional type.

Continuing the trend towards a decrease in sociability, the cerebrotonic temperament is distinguished by secrecy in actions and emotions, a craving for loneliness, and stiffness in communicating with other people. According to Sheldon, such people most often have an ectomorphic constitutional type.

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