Anthropology. Tarde's theory of socialization (most important)

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Anthropology. Tarde's theory of socialization (most important)

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36. THE THEORY OF SOCIALIZATION OF TARD

The origins of the theory of socialization are outlined in the works of Tarde, who described the process of internalization (acquisition by a person) of values and norms through social interaction. Imitation, according to Tarde, is the principle that forms the basis of the process of socialization, and it relies both on physiological needs and the desires of people arising from them, and on social factors (prestige, obedience and practical benefit).

Tarde recognized the relationship "teacher - student" as a typical social relationship. In modern views on socialization, such a narrow approach has already been overcome. Socialization is recognized as part of the process of personality formation, during which the most common personality traits are formed, manifested in socially organized activity, regulated by the role structure of society. Learning social roles proceeds in the form of imitation. General values and norms are mastered by the individual in the process of communication with "significant others", as a result of which normative standards are included in the structure of the individual's needs. This is how culture penetrates into the motivational structure of the individual within the framework of the social system. The socializer needs to know that the mechanism of cognition and assimilation of values and norms is the principle of pleasure-suffering formulated by Z. Freud, put into action with the help of reward and punishment; the mechanism also includes the processes of inhibition (displacement) and transfer. Imitation and identification of the learner are based on feelings of love and respect (to the teacher, father, mother, family as a whole, etc.).

Socialization is accompanied by education, i.e., the targeted influence of the educator on the educated, focused on the formation of the desired traits in him.

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