Anthropology. Theories of deviant behavior (the most important)

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Anthropology. Theories of deviant behavior (the most important)

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41. THEORIES OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR

Structural tension theory explains many offenses as a disappointment of the individual. Declining living standards, racial discrimination and many other phenomena can lead to deviant behavior. If a person does not occupy a strong position in society or cannot achieve his goals by legal means, then sooner or later he will experience disappointment, tension, he begins to feel his inferiority and can use deviant, illegal methods to achieve his goals.

The idea of social investment is simple and to a certain extent connected with the tension theory. The more effort a person expended to achieve a certain position in society (education, qualifications, place of work, and much more), the more he risks losing in case of violation of laws. An unemployed person has little to lose if he gets caught robbing a store. There are certain categories of degraded people who specifically try to get into prison on the eve of winter (warmth, food). If a successful person decides to commit a crime, then he steals, as a rule, huge sums, which, as it seems to him, justify the risk.

Attachment theory, differentiated communication. We all have a tendency to show sympathy, to feel affection for someone. In this case, we strive to ensure that these people form a good opinion of us. Such conformity helps maintain appreciation and respect for us and protects our reputation.

Stigma or labeling theory, is the ability of influential groups in society to label certain social or national groups as deviants: representatives of certain nationalities, the homeless, etc. If a person is labeled as a deviant, then he begins to behave accordingly.

Supporters of this theory distinguish between primary (personal behavior that allows you to label a person as a criminal) and secondary deviant behavior (behavior that is a reaction to the label).

The theory of integration was proposed by E. Durkheim, who compared the conditions of a traditional rural community and large cities. If people move around a lot, then social ties are weakened, many competing religions develop, which mutually weaken each other, etc.

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