Anthropology. Constitutional scheme of V. Deryabin (the most important)

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Anthropology. Constitutional scheme of V. Deryabin (the most important)

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13. V. DERYABIN'S CONSTITUTIONAL SCHEME

After analyzing the entire range of existing constitutional schemes (and there are many more of them than was considered), the domestic anthropologist V. Deryabin identified two general approaches to solving the problem of continuity and discreteness in constitutional science:

▪ with an a priori approach, the author of the scheme, even before its creation, has his own idea of what body types there are. Based on this, he constructs his typology, focusing on those characteristics or their complexes that correspond to his a priori ideas about the patterns of morphological variability. This principle is used in the vast majority of constitutional schemes we have examined;

▪ the a posteriori approach involves not simply superimposing a scheme of individual morphological diversity on objectively existing variability - the constitutional system itself is built based on the fixed scale of variability, taking into account its patterns. With this approach, theoretically, objective patterns of morphofunctional connections and correlation of traits will be better taken into account. The subjectivity of the typology is also reduced to a minimum. In this case, the apparatus of multidimensional mathematical statistics is used.

Based on measurements of 6000 men and women aged 18 to 60, V. Deryabin identified three main vectors of somatic variability, which together represent a three-dimensional coordinate space:

▪ the first axis describes the variability of overall body size (overall skeletal dimensions) along the macro- and microsomia coordinate. One pole of it is people with small overall sizes (microsomia); the other is individuals with large body sizes (macrosomia);

▪ the second axis divides people according to the ratio of muscle and bone components (determining the shape of the musculoskeletal system) and has a variation from leptosomy (weakened development of the muscle component compared to the development of the skeleton) to brachysomy (inverse ratio of components);

▪ the third axis describes the variability in the amount of subcutaneous fat deposition in different body segments and has two extreme manifestations - from hypoadiposis (weak fat deposition) to hyperadiposis (strong fat deposition). The “constitutional space” is open on all sides, so any person can be characterized with its help - all existing constitutional variability fits into it. Practical application is carried out by calculating 6-7 typological indicators using regression equations for 12-13 anthropological dimensions. Regression equations are presented for women and men. Based on these indicators, the exact place of the individual in the three-dimensional space of the constitutional scheme is determined.

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